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Vanilla planifolia Andrews - syn.Vanilla fragrans Ames; Vanilla aromatica Willd. - Orchidaceae
vanilla, Mexican vanilla, Vera Cruz vanilla, bourbon vanilla, (Echte) Vanille

Evergreen vine, native to Central America, cultivated elsewhere (Madagascar); flowers greenish-yellow;
„The fruits are 15-23 cm (6-9 in) long pods (often incorrectly called beans).“
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla_planifolia

„The level of the aldehydes, vanillin and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and their respective acids (vanillic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid), in cured vanilla beans is used as an indicator of cured vanilla bean quality for commercial purposes. Although they are important, these compounds alone do not account for the flavour strength and extremely complex structure of this flavouring.
Ten phenolic compounds were detected in vanilla extracts as being aroma-active. Guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol and acetovanillone, occurring at concentrations of 3.8–13.7 ppm, were similar in intensity to vanillin, which was detected at a concentration of more than 1000 times that of these compounds. Methyl salicylate, detected at a level of less than 1 ppm, was perceived as being as intense as anillin. p-Cresol, methyl cinnamate and anisyl alcohol, occurring at concentrations of 1.1–2.4 ppm, were of medium intensity. Sweet, woody, balsamic, spicy, vanilla-like and toasted notes were attributed to phenolic compounds. Vanillic acid was not perceived by panellists, because its elution required a high temperature, which caused a burnt odour in the sniffing port. The aldehydes 2-heptenal and (E)-2-decenal, identified here for the first time in vanilla beans, were perceived as being of medium intensity, with green, oily and herb-like floral notes. Aliphatic, acetic, isobutyric, isovaleric and valeric acids were perceived by the panellists as having sour, buttery and oily notes. In conclusion, this study is in agreement with previous observations of the contribution of minor constituents to the overall aroma of cured vanilla beans, through GC–O analysis of a representative aroma extract from cured vanilla beans.“
[GC–MS and GC–olfactometry analysis of aroma compounds in a representative organic aroma extract from cured vanilla (Vanilla planifolia G. Jackson) beans., Pérez-Silva, A., Odoux, E., Brat, P., Ribeyre, F., Rodriguez-Jimenes, G., Robles-Olvera, V., Günata, Z., Food chemistry, Vol.99(4), 2006, 728-735]

„Vanilla is a tropical orchid belonging to the family Orchidaceae and it is mainly used in food, perfumery, and pharmaceutical preparations. The quality of the bean depends on the volatile constituent's, viz., the vanillin content, the species of the vine used, and the processing conditions adopted. Hence, proper pollination during flowering and curing by exercising utmost care are the important aspects of vanilla cultivation. There are different methods of curing, and each one is unique and named after the places of its origin like Mexican process and Bourbon process. Recently, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore has developed know-how of improved curing process, where the green vanilla beans are cured immediately after harvest and this process takes only 32 days, which otherwise requires minimum of 150–180 days as reported in traditional curing methods. Vanillin is the most essential component of the 200 and odd such compounds present in vanilla beans.“
[Vanilla-Its Science of Cultivation, Curing, Chemistry, and Nutraceutical Properties., Anuradha, K., Shyamala, B.N., Naidu, M.M., Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, Vol.53(12), 2013, 1250-1276]

„HS-SPME combined with GC-MS was used to analyze the volatile components from V. planifoli fruits… A total of 28 components were separated and identified, accounted for 98.17% of total volatile components. Among them, vanillin had the maximum content (48.28%), followed with guaiacol (15.54%).“
[Analysis of the volatile components in the fruits of Vanilla planifoli Andrews by HS-SPME combined with GC-MS., Huan, L., JinQing, L., Yi, D., XiaoShuang, L., ShengNan, G., Qiang, L., Medicinal Plant, Vol.5(4), 2014, 23-26]

Kohl, F.G., Die officinellen Pflanzen der Pharmacopoea Germanica, t. 25 (1891-1895) [F.G. Kohl]
http://www.plantillustrations.org/species.php?id_species=1051111