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tilia_cordata_mill [2018/08/02 14:33]
andreas 		tilia_cordata_mill [2022/01/17 12:13] (aktuell)
andreas
Zeile 2: Zeile 2:
 little-leaf linden, small-leaved lime, **Winterlinde**, Kleinblättrige Linde, Steinlinde  little-leaf linden, small-leaved lime, **Winterlinde**, Kleinblättrige Linde, Steinlinde 
  
-Native tree to Europe and West Sibiria, up to 30m high; leaves with darker green upper side and blueish green underside, beneath glaucous; flowers with pleasant scent. \\ +Native tree to Europe and West Sibiria, up to 30m high; leaves with darker green upper side and blueish green underside, beneath glaucous; flowers with pleasant scent. There are numerous hybrids planted: Tilia x europaea = Tilia x vulgaris = Tilia cordata x Tilia platyphyllos \\ 
-There are numerous hybrids planted: Tilia x europaea = Tilia x vulgaris = Tilia cordata x Tilia platyphyllos +Dried flowers ared used as diaphoretic, as described for [[tilia_platyphyllos_scop|Tilia platyphyllos]].
  
 "In the countries of Central and Western Europe, linden flowers are a traditional herbal remedy made into an herbal..., considered to be of value as an anti-inflammatory in a range of respiratory problems: colds, fever, flu, sore throat, bronchitis, and cough." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia_cordata]] "In the countries of Central and Western Europe, linden flowers are a traditional herbal remedy made into an herbal..., considered to be of value as an anti-inflammatory in a range of respiratory problems: colds, fever, flu, sore throat, bronchitis, and cough." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia_cordata]]
- 
-Dried flowers ared used as diaphoretic, as described for [[tilia_platyphyllos_scop|Tilia platyphyllos]]. 
  
 "Thus the difference in the composition of the aroma compounds between the headspace and the **essential oil** is clearly shown. This is also the case with **dried lime tree flowers** (Flores Tiliae). The main constituents of the essential oil of this drug are 1,8-cineole, linalol, carvone, thymol and carvacrol (concentration more than 2 %), but all of these volatiles only be detected in the headspace in a concentration below. On the other hand p-cymene, fenchone, and  α- and β-thujone are only trace compounds of this essential oil.\\ "Thus the difference in the composition of the aroma compounds between the headspace and the **essential oil** is clearly shown. This is also the case with **dried lime tree flowers** (Flores Tiliae). The main constituents of the essential oil of this drug are 1,8-cineole, linalol, carvone, thymol and carvacrol (concentration more than 2 %), but all of these volatiles only be detected in the headspace in a concentration below. On the other hand p-cymene, fenchone, and  α- and β-thujone are only trace compounds of this essential oil.\\
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 The highly sensitive 2,6-dimethyl-3(E),5(Z),7-octatriene-2-ol and its 5(E) isomer (natural ratio 1:10, sweet floral odor) are major constituents present only in the headspace and not in extracts of the flowers of T.cordata.\\ The highly sensitive 2,6-dimethyl-3(E),5(Z),7-octatriene-2-ol and its 5(E) isomer (natural ratio 1:10, sweet floral odor) are major constituents present only in the headspace and not in extracts of the flowers of T.cordata.\\
-[Trapping, Investigation and Reconstitution of Flower Scents, Roman Kaiser, in: Müller, P.M., and Lamparsky, D. eds. Perfumes: Art, Science and Technology. Springer Science & Business Media, Dordrecht 1994, 213-250] +[Trapping, Investigation and Reconstitution of Flower Scents, Roman Kaiser, in: Müller, P.M., and Lamparsky, D. eds. Perfumes: Art, Science and Technology. Springer Science & Business Media, Dordrecht 1994, 213-250] but \\ 
 +Later on, headspace analysis of hyacinth flowers showed that 2,6-dimethylocta-1,3,5,7-tetraenes and 2,6-dimethylocta-3,5,7-triene-2-ols are associated with charcoal as adsorbing material. It was shown that these compounds are artefacts from ocimene which mainly arise during sampling with charcoal. \\ 
 +[Headspace analysis of hyacinth flowers. Brunke, E. J., Hammerschmidt, F. J., Schmaus, G., Flavour and fragrance journal, Vol.9(2), 1994, 59-69] 
  
-"More than 45 headspace constituents of the **living lime tree flowers** were detected by gas chromatographic-spectroscopic methods; more than 35 of them were identified. Main components (concentration higher than 3%) of this mixture with an odour impression similar to that of the genuine lime tree flowers' as well as with weak fresh and aromatic side-notes were limonene (22%), p-cymene (22%), δ3-carene (15%), germacrene-D (9%), β-phellandrene (4%) and farnesol (4%). Using a GC-sniffing technique, regions of specific odour impressions were found by means of which the total odour of the headspace sample of the living flowers was determined: the aromatic odour was caused especially by p-cymene, trans-carveol and germacrene-D; the floral part by linalool, 2-phenylethanol, trans-rose oxide, geraniol, nerol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, geranyl acetate and partly, nerolidol; the fresh part by camphene, limonene and camphor; and the narcotic part by 2-phenylethanol, nerol, heliotropin and farnesol. However, indole, 2-phenylethyl benzoate, farnesyl acetate and some other sesquiterpenes had additional odour notes. The headspace sample of the cut flowers was dominated by a strong terpenic and fresh note with coumarin side-notes, while the typical odours of the genuine flowers were less impressive." \\+"More than 45 headspace constituents of the **living lime tree flowers** were detected by gas chromatographic-spectroscopic methods; more than 35 of them were identified. Main components (concentration higher than 3%) of this mixture with an odour impression similar to that of the genuine lime tree flowers' as well as with weak fresh and aromatic side-notes were limonene (22%), p-cymene (22%), δ3-carene (15%), germacrene-D (9%), β-phellandrene (4%) and farnesol (4%). Using a GC-sniffing technique, regions of specific odour impressions were found by means of which the total odour of the headspace sample of the living flowers was determined: the aromatic odour was caused especially by p-cymene, trans-carveol and germacrene-D; the floral part by linalool, 2-phenylethanol, trans-rose oxide, geraniol, nerol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, geranyl acetate and partly, nerolidol; the fresh part by camphene, limonene and camphor; and the narcotic part by 2-phenylethanol, nerol, heliotropin and farnesol. However, indole, 2-phenylethyl benzoate, farnesyl acetate and some other sesquiterpenes had additional odour notes... \\ 
 +The heavy sweetness and sultriness of the fragrance of the lime tree flowers undoubtedly was due to the content of indole and 2-phenylethyl acetate." \\ 
 [Comprative headspace anaysis of living and fresh cut lime tree flowers (Tiliae flores).  G. Buchbauer, B. Remberg, L. Jirovetz, A. Nikiforov, Flavour and Fragrance Journal (1995) 10(3):221 - 224] [Comprative headspace anaysis of living and fresh cut lime tree flowers (Tiliae flores).  G. Buchbauer, B. Remberg, L. Jirovetz, A. Nikiforov, Flavour and Fragrance Journal (1995) 10(3):221 - 224]
  
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 [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=1017551]] [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=1017551]]
  
-{{:tilia_cordata_botg.jpg?700}} \\+{{:tilia_cordata_botg.jpg}} \\
 Tilia cordata flowers, [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]], Author: Andreas Kraska Tilia cordata flowers, [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]], Author: Andreas Kraska
tilia_cordata_mill.1533213183.txt.gz · Zuletzt geändert: 2018/08/02 14:33 von andreas

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