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Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton et al. - syn. Abies mariana Mill. - Pinaceae
black spruce, bog spruce, Schwarzfichte

Eevergreen coniferous tree, up to 15m tall, native to North america (Canada).

The steam-distilled essential oil of the foliage contained bornyl acetate (34.2%) as main component, together with α-pinene (12.9%), and camphene (16.4%). Minor components were delta3-carene (5.8%), limonene (4.1%), myrcene (3.7%), β-pinene (2.6%), β-phellandrene (1.0%), isoborneol (0.1%), terpinen-4-ol (0.4%), α-terpineol (1.2%), and trans-carveol (0.1%). Main components found in the hydrosol were α-terpineol, borneol, bornyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenol, camphenehydrate, and 1.8-cineole.
[Garneau, François-Xavier, et al. „Chemical Composition of the Hydrosol and the Essential Oil of Three Different Species of the Pinaceae Family: Picea glauca (Moench) Voss., Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP, and Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.“ Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 15.2 (2012): 227-236]

„…the essential oil of Black spruce (Picea mariana) bark residue was obtained using two types of ydrodistillations: steam distillation (SD) and water distillation (WD). Both gave similar yields and compositions as analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The essential oil composition is turpentine-like with the predominance of α-pinene (40.6% SD; 40.5% WD) and β-pinene (33.9% SD; 25.9% WD), followed by hydrocarbon monoterpenes β-phellandrene (4.8% SD; 3.6% WD), 3-carene (4.1% SD; 3.1% WD), and limonene (4.0% SD; 3.7% WD). Hydrosol’s composition is rich in oxygenated compounds with α-terpineol (29.3% SD; 33.5% WD), trans-pinocarveol (5.2% SD; 3.7% WD), terpinen-4-ol (5.0% SD; 5.8% WD), verbenone (4.9% SD; 5.4% WD), borneol (4.9% SD; 3.9% WD), and pinocarvone (4.6% SD; 4.3% WD). These black spruce bark essential oils differ in composition from those from needles, which are commercially available and rich in bornyl acetate.“
[Francezon, Nellie, and Tatjana Stevanovic. „Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Hydrosol from Picea mariana Bark Residue.“ BioResources 12.2 (2017): 2635-2645]

Picea mariana (Miller) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
Sargent, C.S., The Silva of North America, vol.12 t.596 (1898) [C.E. Faxon]
http://botanicalillustrations.org/species.php?id_species=789192

Picea mariana
© Rolf Marschner (2015), www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at