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Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis - Rubiaceae - 栀子 zhi zi (chin.), common gardenia, cape jasmine, Gardenie, Knopflochblume

Evergreen shrub, up to 3m tall, native to China, Vietnam, Taiwan and Japan; flowers white to pale yellow.
var. fortuneana: corolla doubled; flowers sterile, plants not setting fruit; cultivated plants.
var. jasminoides: corolla simple; flowers fertile, plants setting fruit; wild and occasionally cultivated plants.
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200022091

„With its shiny green leaves and heavily fragrant white summer flowers, it is widely used in gardens in warm temperate and subtropical climates, and as a houseplant in temperate regions.“ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardenia_jasminoides

„The gardenia absolute was separated into basic, phenolic, acidic, lactonic and neutral fractions and analysed by using GC, combined GC-MS, IR and NMR. A total of 130 components was identified. Among them, the characteristic constituents responsible for the sweet-green odor of this flower were jasmin lactone, cis-3-hexenol, esters of cis-3-hexenol, cis-3-hexenoic acid and tiglic acid.“
[Chemical composition of the absolute from gardenia flower., Hattori, R., Muraki, S., Yoshida, T., Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Vol.42(7), 1978, 1351-1356]

Of the more than 200 compounds detected by GC, more than 100 were identified by GC/MS. Olfactorially valuable compounds found with a concentration higher than 1% were: linalool (2.1%), benzyl phenylacetate (1.7%), methyl phenylacetate (1.4%), phenylacetic acid (1.3%), 1-phenylethyl acetate (1.2%), myristic acid (1.2%), benzyl benzoate (1.1%), geranyl acetone (1.1%), (Z)-3-hexenoic acid (1.1%), 2-methyl butyric acid (1.1%), benzyl acetate (1.1%), valeric acid (1.0%), p-cresyl acetate (1.0%), ethyl phenylacetate (1.0%), 2-phenyl ethylacetate (1.0%), methyl anthranilate (1.0%), (Z)-4-heptenol (1.0%) and valeraldehyde (1.0%).
[Volatiles of the Absolute of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae), Gerhard Buchbauer , Leopold Jirovetz , Alexej Nikiforov , Vijay K. Kaul and Norbert Winker, Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.8(3), 1996, 241- 245]

Essential oil obtained by steam distillation of flowers from Niger delta contained mainly α-farnesene (28%), linalool (22%), trans-β-ocimene (10%), α-terpineol (9%), guaiol (5%), cis-3-hexenyl tiglat (5%), bulnesol (5%), tetracosane (5%), cis-3-hexenyl benzoate (4%) and methyl tiglat (2%).
[Composition of Essential Oil of Nigerian (Niger Delta) Grown Gardenia Jasminoide Flower. Gloria Ukalina Obuzor, Matthew Ifechukwude Nwaokolo, International Archive of Applied Sciences and Technology, Vol 1 [2] December 2010: 32 - 36] http://soeagra.com/iaast/vol2/5.pdf

var.fortuneana as Gardenia radicans Thunb., Botanical Register, vol.1 t.73 (1815) [S.Edwards]
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=453475

Gardenia jasminoides var.jasminoides CC BY-SA 3.0, Author: Alpsdake Wikimedia Commons