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Asarum canadense L. - Aristolochiaceae - American wild ginger, Canada snakeroot, Kanadische Haselwurz
Prostrate evergreen perennial, up to 10cm high, native to eastern North America; slender rhizome with the smell of ginger; stems short, developing in spring, each branch with one leave; leaves dark green, reniform (kidney-shaped), downy at both sides, 5-20cm across; flowers on short stalkes near ground, solitary, dark purple-brown, campanulate; fruit a coriaceous, 6-celled capsule.
„Native Americans used Asarum canadense medicinally to treat flux, poor digestion, swollen breasts, coughs and colds, typhus and scarlet fever, nerves, sore throats, cramps, heaves, earaches, headaches, convulsions, asthma, tuberculosis, urinary disorders, and venereal disease; as a stimulant, a seasoning, and a charm; and to strengthen other herbal concoctions and heighten appetite (D.E. Moerman 1986).“
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500168
„A pentane extract from the rhizomes of Asarum canadense was separated first by means of steam distillation, and then by column and gas chromatography. From the steam-volatile oil the following constituents were isolated (percentages are shown in parentheses): methyleugenol (44.5), linalyl acetate (41.1), geraniol (7.4), linalool (5.3), limonene (0.8), a-terpineol (0.4), bornyl acetate (0.3), aristolone (0.1), elemicin (0.1), 2, 3,4,5-tetramethoxyallylbenzene (0.05), 2,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde (0.05), and two unidentified compounds (0.01 each). The steam-nonvolatile residue contained some of the above and also β-sitosterol.“
[Constituents of the rhizome of Asarum canadense., Bauer, L., Bell, C.L., Gearien, J.E., Takeda, H., Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 56(3), 1967, 336-343]
methyl eugenol (R=H), elemicin (R=OCH3)
„The fresh rhizomes and roots of Asarum canadense were steam-distilled to yield oils in 1.30% to 1.96%, respectively. The oils were analyzed by a combination of GC-FID and GC/MS techniques. In the case of the rhizome oil, the total amount of phenyl ethers including methyl eugenol, elemicins, and asaricin was about 58%. In the root oil, (E)-isoelemicin was the major product (20%) accompanied by elemicin (4.9%). From retention indices on both non-polar and polar columns and MS considerations, it may be inferred that methoxy-elemicin and both (E)- and (Z)-methoxy-isoelemicin as well as the new hydroxyl derivatives: hydroxyl-elemicin and (E)- and (Z)-hydroxy-isoelemicins were characterized in the oils.“
[Aromas From Quebec. II. Composition of the Essential Oil of the Rhizomes and Roots of Asarum canadense L., Bélanger, A., Collin, G., Garneau, F.X., Gagnon, H., Pichette, A., Journal of Essential Oil Research, 22(2), 2010, 164-169]
Methyl eugenol was the main component of the rhizomes essential oil (38.5%), followed by linalool (19.4%) and alpha-terpineol (5.9%). Minor compounds were 1,8-cineole (0.3%), terpinen-4-ol (0.5%), nerol (1.2%), geraniol (3.6%), neryl acetate (1.4%), elemicin (1.1%), methoxyelemicin (0.6%), 5-epi-7-α-eudesmol, and (E)-isoelemicine (1.3%).
[Chemical composition and stability of the hydrosols obtained during essential oil production. I. The case of Melissa officinalis L. and Asarum canadense L., Garneau, F.X., Collin, G., Gagnon, H., Am. J. Essent. Oils Nat. Prod, 2, 2014, 54-62]
Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, vol.54 [ser.2, vol.1] t.2769 (1827) [W.J.Hooker]
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=95831