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Artemisia vulgaris L. - Asteraceae - mugwort, (Gemeiner) Beifuss
Upright perennial, up to 1,60m high, native to Europe, Asia, naturalized in America; stem red to reddish-brown, panicle-like branched, woody at its base; leaves pinnatisect, with lanceolate tips, dark green and glabrous above, tomentose beneath; upper leaves simple or only three-lobed; panicles of small flowerheads with yellowisch or reddish brown florets.
The bitter principle of A.vulgaris are sesquiterpene lactones, mainly vulgarin (1.5%, also called judaicin or tauremisin from A.judaica and Artemisia taurica).
[Vulgarin, a Sesquiterpene Lactone from Artemisia vulgaris L., Geissman, T.A., Ellestad, G.A., The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol.27(5), 1962, 1855-1859]
vulgarin (barrelin, judaicin, tauremisin, CAS 3162-56-9)
„The chemical composition of the essential oils of Artemisia vulgaris L. growing in Northern Lithuania has been studied. The wild growing plants were collected in seven localities at the early flowering stage in 2004 and 2005; oils were prepared by hydrodistillation of mugwort overground parts and analyzed by GC/MS. Germacrene D has been found as the first principal component in three oils (10.6–15.1%), in two oils as the second (12.1 and 13.4%) and in one oil as the third (10.3%). trans-Thujone was determined as the first major constituent in one oil (20.2%) and cis-thujone as the second dominant compound in one oil (12.9%). Chrysanthenyl acetate prevailed in one oil (23.6%). 1,8-Cineole was the predominant constituent in two oils (16.7 and 17.6%). Among the other major compounds were sabinene, β-pinene, artemisia ketone, caryophyllene.“
[Chemical composition of essential oils of Artemisia vulgaris L.(mugwort) from North Lithuania. Judžentienė, A., Buzelytė, J., Chemija, vol.17(1), 2006, 12-15]
„Fresh leaves were collected from greenhouse-grown plants and subjected to essential oil analysis by the simultaneous distillation and extraction method. GC-MS results revealed the presence of 88 components and the extracted oil was rich in camphor (16.8%), α-thujone (11.3%), germacrene D (7.2%), camphene (6.5%), 1,8-cineole (5.8%) and β-caryophyllene (5.4%).“
[Mass propagation and essential oil analysis of Artemisia vulgaris., Govindaraj, S., Kumari, B. D. R., Cioni, P. L., Flamini, G., Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, Vol.105(3), 2008, 176-183]
