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Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. - syn.Pinus balsamea L. - Pinaceae - balsam fir, Canada balsam, eastern fir, Balsamtanne

Tree, native to northeastern north America; leaves fragrant, 1-2.5cm long, 1-ranked to spiraled; pollen cones at pollination red, purplish, bluish, greenish, or orange; seed cones cylindric, gray-purple, turning brown before scale shed.
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500002

Steam distillation of foliage from Abies balsamea yielded 0.591% of an essential oil. Components were β-pinene (36%), bornyl acetate (14%), Δ3-carene (11%), limonene (11%), α-pinene (8%), camphene (6%), myrcene (2%), santene (1%), tricyclene (1%) and camphor, borneol, d-canadene, bisabolene, and terpinolene (all below 1%).
[The essential oil of Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., Shaw, A.C., Canadian Journal of Chemistry, Vol.31(2), 1953, 193-199]
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/v53-027

„Monoterpenoids and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of Abies balsamea cortical oleoresin (Canada balsam) were analyzed by a combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (21%) were composed of β-pinene, α-pinene, β-phellandrene, limonene, 3-carene, myrcene and camphene (listed in order of decreasing percentages), and oxygenated monoterpenes (0·4%) contained 4,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohepten-1-one, linalool, bornyl acetate, methylthymol, citronellyl acetate, α-terpineol, piperitone, citronellal, borneol, citronellol, two unknowns, and geraniol. From the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon fraction (1·1%) were isolated: longifolene, β-bisabolene, longipinene, an unknown, sativene, cyclosativene, cis-α-bisabolene, β-himachalene, α-himachalene, β-caryophyllene, γ-humulene, farnesene, longicyclene, an unknown, and β-selinene. Both himachalenes have been identified for the first time in Pinaceae outside of Cedrus; their co-occurrence with γ-humulene, longifolene, longipinene and longicyclene supports the biosynthetic mechanism by which all of these compounds arise through initial 1/11 cyclization of tran-cis-farnesylphosphate.“
[Chemical composition of the cortical essential oil from Abies balsamea., Chung, J.L., Snajberk, K., Zavarin, E., Phytochemistry, Vol.13(1), 1974, 179-183]

„The composition of the essential oils of 29 individual trees of Abies balsamea (L.) Mill, were investigated by a combination of retention times (GC with capillary columns) and GC/MS. The oils were obtained by steam distillation from various parts of plants harvested north of Forestville, Quebec. A total of 209 peaks were detected by chromatography of which a maximum of 106 peaks were recorded for one sample. The composition of these oils is similar to that previously published. Monoterpenes are the most important products (>95% of the total). β-Pinene and δ-3-carene are the main components (38% and 12%, respectively). Oxygenated compounds such as bornyl acetate (9%), α- and β-terpineol (1.5%) and thymol (0.45%) were also observed in smaller amounts. From the individual composition of these oils, it is concluded that all the members may be divided into two different groups (chemotypes). The first group is rich in δ-3-carene (18.7%, σ = 5.3), while the second group contains only a small percentage of this monoterpene (0.72%, σ = 0.50). The same kind of division was observed with thymol. The majority of the individual trees have a low content of this oxygenated terpene (<0.06%). Five trees have a thymol concentration between 1.5% and 3.0%. These five trees belong to groups of A. balsamea that are both rich and poor in δ-3-carene.“
[Essential oil analysis of balsam fir Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., Régimbal, J.M., Collin, G., Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.6(3), 1994, 229-238]

„The essential oil of A. balsamea is essentially constituted of monoterpenes (>96%) and some sesquiterpenes. β-pinene (29.9%), δ-3-carene (19.6%) and α-pinene (14.6%) were the major components.“
[Composition and antibacterial activity of Abies balsamea essential oil., Pichette, A., Larouche, P.L., Lebrun, M., Legault, J., Phytotherapy Research, Vol.20(5), 2006, 371-373]

Abies balsamea (L.) Miller [as Pinus balsamea L.]
Woodville, W., Hooker, W.J., Spratt, G., Medical Botany, 3th edition, vol. 5: t. 1 (1832)
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=629