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--- picea_abies_l._h.karst [2015/09/13 09:43] – andreas
+++ picea_abies_l._h.karst [2024/08/10 14:45] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 3: / Zeile 3: @@
 Evergreen coniferous tree, up to 40m tall, native in Europe, widely planted as ornamental and for use as a Christmas tree.
-"A GC/MS analysis of the volatile constituents from the flowers of Norway Spruce, Picea abies, has been carried out. The volatile constituents of the female flowers were distinctly different from those of the male flowers and the twigs. Characteristic constituents are methyl and ethyl benzoate, methyl and ethyl salicylate, methyl and ethyl butanoate, borneol and bornyl acetate. In the scent from the male flowers we could only detect the same monoterpenes as in the twigs."
+Myrcene, limonene, β-phellandrene, and methyl salicylate were the main volatile components extracted by SPME (Tenax) from the flower scent of Norway Spruce. "The volatile constituents of the female flowers were distinctly different from those of the male flowers and the twigs. Characteristic constituents are methyl and ethyl benzoate, methyl and ethyl salicylate, methyl and ethyl butanoate, borneol and bornyl acetate. In the scent from the male flowers we could only detect the same monoterpenes as in the twigs." \\
 [Odoriferous compounds from the flowers of the conifers Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Larix sibirica., Borg-Karlson, A.K., Eidmann, H.H., Lindström, M., Norin, T., Wiersma, N., Phytochemistry, 24(3), 1985, 455-456]
@@ Zeile 13: / Zeile 13: @@
 [Seasonal variation in the monoterpenes in needles of //Picea abies (L.) Karst.//, Schönwitz, R., Lohwasser, K., Kloos, M., Ziegler, H., Trees, Vol.4(1), 1990, 34-40]
-{{:picea_excelsa.jpg?500}} \\
+| {{:alpha_pinene.jpg| α-pinene }} \\ α-pinene | {{:beta_pinene.jpg| β-pinene }} \\ β-pinene | {{:myrcene.jpg| myrcene }} \\ myrcene | {{:limonene.jpg| limonene }} \\ limonene | {{:camphen.jpg| camphene }} \\ camphene | {{:bornylacetate.jpg| bornyl acetate }} \\ bornyl acetate |
-Thomé, O.W., Flora von Deutschland Österreich und der Schweiz, Tafeln, vol.1, t.25 (1885) \\
+Mean composition of volatiles emitted by cones of P.abies was myrcene 50.3%, limonene/β-phellandrene 18.6%, α-pinene 14.3%, β-pinene 9.8%, 3-carene 3.6%, sabinene 1.6% and camphene 1.0%. \\
+P.abies foliage emitted myrcene 19.4%, limonene/β-phellandrene 13.6%, α-pinene 17.7%, β-pinene 27.8%, 3-carene 10.5%, sabinene 1.9% and camphene 6.6%.  \\
+[Cone and foliage volatiles emitted by Pinus cembra and some related conifer species., Dormont, L., Roques, A., Malosse, C., Phytochemistry, 49(5), 1998, 1269-1277]
+{{:picea_excelsa.jpg?600}} \\
+Picea abies as Picea excelsa, Masclef, A., Atlas des plantes de France, vol.3 t.394 \\
 [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=788945]]
+{{picea_abies_ncsu.jpg}} \\
+Norway Spruce cones (Picea_abies), MrPanyGoff [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en|CC-BY-SA 3.0]] [[https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/picea-abies/|NCSU]]