Tinkturenpresse

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Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. - syn.Picea excelsa Link - Pinaceae - Norway spruce, Gemeine Fichte, Rotfichte

Evergreen coniferous tree, up to 40m tall, native in Europe, widely planted as ornamental and for use as a Christmas tree.

„A GC/MS analysis of the volatile constituents from the flowers of Norway Spruce, Picea abies, has been carried out. The volatile constituents of the female flowers were distinctly different from those of the male flowers and the twigs. Characteristic constituents are methyl and ethyl benzoate, methyl and ethyl salicylate, methyl and ethyl butanoate, borneol and bornyl acetate. In the scent from the male flowers we could only detect the same monoterpenes as in the twigs.“ [Odoriferous compounds from the flowers of the conifers Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Larix sibirica., Borg-Karlson, A.K., Eidmann, H.H., Lindström, M., Norin, T., Wiersma, N., Phytochemistry, 24(3), 1985, 455-456]

Main compounds released from one-year-old needles and twiglets of a 6-7 year old tree were monoterpenes: α-pinene and β-pinene along with limonene.
[Comparison monoterpene volatilization and leaf-oil composition of conifers. Schindler, T., Kotzias, D., Naturwissenschaften, Vol.76(10), 1989, 475-476]

α-pinene, camphene, myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cineole and bornyl acetate made up 70% of the total terpene content of the needles of P.abies. Terpene production has a maximum in Summer and is considerably lower in spring than in autumn.
[Patterns of monoterpenes stored in the needles of Picea abies (L.) Karst. from several locations in mountainous regions of southern Germany., Schönwitz, R., Kloos, M., Merk, L., & Ziegler, H., Trees, vol.4(1), 1990, 27-33]
[Seasonal variation in the monoterpenes in needles of Picea abies (L.) Karst., Schönwitz, R., Lohwasser, K., Kloos, M., Ziegler, H., Trees, Vol.4(1), 1990, 34-40]

Thomé, O.W., Flora von Deutschland Österreich und der Schweiz, Tafeln, vol.1, t.25 (1885)
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=788945