Unterschiede

Hier werden die Unterschiede zwischen zwei Versionen angezeigt.

--- leptospermum_scoparium_j.r.forst._g.forst [2017/06/24 14:55] – andreas
+++ leptospermum_scoparium_j.r.forst._g.forst [2018/10/04 11:52] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 17: / Zeile 17: @@
 Among five tea tree oils (Australian tea tree, cajupute, niaouli, kanuka and manuka), manuka oil showed highest effectiveness against gram-positive bacteria and dermatophytes, but was ineffective against Candida albicans and moulds. It tourned out that the β-triketone complex (flavesone, iso-leptospermone, and leptospermone) is the active principle. \\
 [A comparative study of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of tea tree oils sl with special reference to the activity of beta-triketones., Christoph, F., Kaulfers, P.M., Stahl-Biskup, E., Planta medica, 66(6), 2000, 556-560]
+"The triketone chemotype of manuka, Leptospermum scoparium (Myrtaceae), is commercially important because of its antimicrobial activity. Oils from 36 individual plants on the East Cape of New Zealand all showed similar high triketone contents (>20% total triketones) with little seasonal variation. Analyses of oils from 261 individual manuka plants collected from 87 sites throughout New Zealand showed that the high triketone chemotype was localised on the East Cape, although oils with triketone levels up to 20% were found in the Marlborough Sounds area of the South Island. Cluster analysis revealed other chemotypes localised on other areas. Ten further chemotypes are described: α-pinene; sesquiterpene-rich with high myrcene; sesquiterpene-rich with elevated caryophyllene and humulene; sesquiterpene-rich with an unidentified sesquiterpene hydrocarbon; high geranyl acetate; sesquiterpene-rich with high γ-ylangene + α-copaene and elevated triketones; sesquiterpene-rich with no distinctive components; sesquiterpene-rich with high trans-methyl cinnamate; high linalol; and sesquiterpene-rich with elevated elemene and selinene. Some of the chemotypes contained aroma compounds at relatively high levels, with a geranyl acetate-rich oil being most notable." \\
+[Douglas, Malcolm H., et al. "Essential oils from New Zealand manuka: triketone and other chemotypes of Leptospermum scoparium." Phytochemistry 65.9 (2004): 1255-1264]
+Commercial Manuka oils contained β-triketones (flavesone 3-8%, iso-leptospermone 2-7%, and leptospermone 10-20%) and sesquiterpenes like α-cubebene (2-7%), α-copaene (2.5-7.5%), β-caryophyllene (2-3%), α-selinene (2-7%), β-selinene (1-6%), tr-calamenene (9-18%), δ-cadinene (3-8%), cadina-1,4-diene (3-8%), cadina-3,5-diene (2-12%), and δ-amorphene (2-6%). \\
+[Wolz, Dietmar, and Gerhard Buchbauer. Aromatherapie in Wissenschaft und Praxis. Ed. Wolfgang Steflitsch. Stadelmann, 2013, 591-593]
 **Manuka honey**, a monofloral honey produced in Australia and New Zealand from the nectar of the mānuka tree, is commonly sold as an alternative medicine. Manuka honey is known for its exceptional antibacterial activity, which is due to high amounts of the 1,2-dicarbonyl compound methylglyoxal (MGO), which is formed via non-enzymatic dehydration from dihydroxyacetone (DHA) during honey maturation. \\