Unterschiede

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--- cinchona_calisaya_wedd [2015/01/17 12:16] – andreas
+++ cinchona_calisaya_wedd [2016/10/31 17:58] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
 Cinchona calisaya Wedd. - syn.Cinchona officinalis - Rubiaceae \\
-Chinabark, yellow cinchona, **Chinarindenbaum**, (Gelbe) Chinarinde
+China bark, yellow cinchona, **Chinarindenbaum**, (Gelbe) Chinarinde
 Tree or large shrub, up to 15m high, native to Bolivia and Peru; leaves elliptic-oblong or lanceolate; flowers white, pale yellow, or pale pink. "Plants cultivated under the trade name Cinchona ledgeriana were considered to belong to C. calisaya by Andersson (Mem. New York. Bot. Gard. 80: 55-57. 1998). The description of the plants treated as C. ledgeriana by W. C. Chen (in FRPS 71(1): 224-225. 1999) agrees with Andersson’s classification of C. lancifolia Mutis and also generally matches the cultivated hybrid C. lucumifolia Pavon ex Lindley × C. pubescens (Andersson, loc. cit.: 60)." [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242412650]]
@@ Zeile 12: / Zeile 12: @@
 [Ferriprotoporphyrin IX fulfills the criteria for identification as the chloroquine receptor of malaria parasites., Chou, A.C., Chevli, R., Fitch, C.D., Biochemistry, Vol.19, 1980, 1543-1549]
-{{http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/FloraIllustration/foci19/foci19-063.jpg}} \\
+"... quinine is efficacious in the prevention of nocturnal leg cramps. However, its benefit may not be as large as reported from the pooling of published studies alone. Given the side effect profile of quinine, nonpharmacologic therapy (e.g., regular passive stretching of the affected muscle) is the best first-line treatment. For persons who find this ineffective and whose quality of life is significantly affected, a trial of quinine is warranted." \\
-[[http://www.efloras.org/object_page.aspx?object_id=120069&flora_id=2]]
+[Quinine for nocturnal leg cramps., Man-Son-Hing, M., Wells, G., Lau, A., Journal of general internal medicine, Vol.13(9), 1998, 600-606]
+"23 randomised trials with a total of 1586 participants were included. Quinine was compared to placebo (20 trials), vitamin E (4 trials), a quinine-vitamin E combination (3 trials), and a quinine-theophylline combination (1 trial). The most commonly-used quinine dosage was 300 mg/day. Compared to placebo, quinine significantly reduced cramp number by 28%, cramp intensity by 10%, and cramp days by 20%. Cramp duration was not significantly affected. The other treatment comparisons were not significantly different to quinine. There were significantly more minor adverse events with quinine than placebo (risk difference, RD +3%), mainly gastrointestinal symptoms, but no difference in major adverse events (RD 0%).\\
+Conclusion: There is moderate quality evidence that quinine significantly reduces cramp frequency, intensity and cramp days. With use up to 60 days, the incidence of serious adverse events is not significantly greater than placebo." \\
+[PO. 16 Is quinine useful in muscle cramps? A Cochrane meta-analysis., El-Tawil, S., Valli, H., Al Musa, T., Lunn, M.P.T., Weber, M., Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, Vol.82(9), 2011, e4-e4]
+Quinine prolongs the QT interval of the ECG and elevates the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, quinine inhibits the degradation of other drugs in the liver, leading to higher levels of them.\\
+[Ärzteblatt 2013] [[http://www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/57035/Risiken-und-Missbrauch-BfArM-fordert-Rezeptpflicht-fuer-Chinin]]
+{{cinchona_calisaya.jpg?600}} \\
+Cinchona calisaya Wedd., Köhler, F.E., Medizinal Pflanzen, vol.1 t.791 (1887) [W.Müller] \\
+[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=243232]]