Tinkturenpresse

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Cinchona calisaya Wedd. - syn.Cinchona officinalis - Rubiaceae
Chinabark, yellow cinchona, Chinarindenbaum, (Gelbe) Chinarinde

Tree or large shrub, up to 15m high, native to Bolivia and Peru; leaves elliptic-oblong or lanceolate; flowers white, pale yellow, or pale pink. „Plants cultivated under the trade name Cinchona ledgeriana were considered to belong to C. calisaya by Andersson (Mem. New York. Bot. Gard. 80: 55-57. 1998). The description of the plants treated as C. ledgeriana by W. C. Chen (in FRPS 71(1): 224-225. 1999) agrees with Andersson’s classification of C. lancifolia Mutis and also generally matches the cultivated hybrid C. lucumifolia Pavon ex Lindley × C. pubescens (Andersson, loc. cit.: 60).“ http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242412650

„The Peruvian bark (with its active alkaloid quinine first isolated in 1820) has been used since the 16th century against fever and was particularly successful in Malaria fevers. Since the late 18th century quinine was a proven therapy against malaria. One can say that the quinine is pathognomonic for malaria; that means if a fever is responsive to treatment with quinine, it is most likely a malarial fever.“
[Chinin als Malariatherapeutikum–prekär und unverzichtbar? Hulverscheidt, M.A., MPG Info, 2008, 83]
http://pubman.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:643388:3/component/escidoc:644273/P356.PDF#page=85

„Studies on the chloroquine receptors on protease-treated normal mouse erythrocytes indicated that the receptor is created from a haemoglobin substrate and is an aggregated form of ferriprotoporphyrin IX. The affinity and specificity of ferriprotoporphyrin IX for chloroquine were also sufficient to account for chloroquine binding to erythrocytes infected with chloroquine-susceptible Plasmodium berghei. In equilibrium dialysis experiments, ferriprotoporphyrin IX had a dissociation constant for chloroquine of 3.5 X 10-9 M, and the following Ki values were obtained in experiments in which various compounds competed with chloroquine for binding to ferriprotoporphyrin IX : amodiaquine, 1.3 X 10-7 M; quinacrine, 1.2 X 10-7 M; quinine, 2.6 X 10-6 M; mefloquine, 1.6 X 10-5 M. When ferriprotoporphyrin IX was adsorbed to the erythrocyte surface, the dissociation constant for chloroquine increased to 2.3 X 10-7 M, indicating that the affinity of the interaction varies appreciably depending on the environment in which it occurs. Erythrocytes infected with chloroquine-susceptible P. berghei degrade haemoglobin and accumulate malarial pigment, which contains ferriprotoporphyrin IX, whereas erythrocytes infected with chloroquine-resistant P. berghei do not. In addition, when chloroquine-resistant lines of P. berghei revert to chloroquine susceptibility they also revert to the production of malarial pigment. It is concluded that ferriprotoporphyrin IX is the receptor responsible for chloroquine accumulation by erythrocytes infected with P. berghei.“
[Ferriprotoporphyrin IX fulfills the criteria for identification as the chloroquine receptor of malaria parasites., Chou, A.C., Chevli, R., Fitch, C.D., Biochemistry, Vol.19, 1980, 1543-1549]

http://www.efloras.org/object_page.aspx?object_id=120069&flora_id=2