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--- bixa_orellana_l [2015/01/14 15:54] – andreas
+++ bixa_orellana_l [2016/11/26 15:48] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
 Bixa orellana L. - Bixaceae - achiote (span.), annatto, lipstick tree, **Annattostrauch**, Orleansbaum
-Evergreen shrub or small tree, tropical America::tropical Asia:False:; leaves opposite, simple, cordate-ovate or triangular-ovate; flowers 5cm across, borne in terminal panicles, with 5 caducous sepals and 5 pink petals, numerous stamens; fruit a orange-red capsule; seeds numerous, red-brown, obovoid-angular, 4-5mm. \\
+Evergreen shrub or small tree, native to the tropical America; leaves opposite, simple, cordate-ovate or triangular-ovate; flowers 5cm across, borne in terminal panicles, with 5 caducous sepals and 5 pink petals, numerous stamens; fruit a orange-red ovoid capsule; seeds numerous, red-brown, obovoid-angular, 4-5mm. \\
 "Bixa orellana is cultivated for the red, oil-soluble pigment, bixin, which is contained in the seed coat. It is used commercially as a food colorant and as a fabric dye. A paste prepared from the seeds is used as a skin paint (a common name is "lipstick tree") and as a condiment. Other parts of the plant are widely used in tropical America for a variety of medicinal purposes." \\
 [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014319]]
+"The inedible fruit is harvested for its seeds, which contain annatto, also called [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixin|bixin]]... It is used to color food products, such as cheeses, fish, and salad oil... The pigment has E-number E160b. The seeds are collected from wild-growing bushes or from plantations, in Latin America, Africa (e.g. Kenya) and Asia. However, since there is no strong organization promoting the use of annatto, the color beta carotene, which is more expensive, has pushed the natural pigment out of many applications." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana]]
 "all-E-Geranylgeraniol is present in the oleoresin from Bixa orellana to the extent of 57%, or approximately 1% of dry seeds which makes B. orellana the richest known source of this important C20-terpene alcohol. Other compounds isolated for the first time from seeds of Bixa were the terpenes farnesylacetone, geranylgeranyl octadecanoate and geranylgeranyl formate, δ-tocotrienol, and an apocarotenoid." \\
 [Terpenoids and an apocarotenoid from seeds of //Bixa orellana//., Jondiko, I.J., Pattenden, G., Phytochemistry, Vol.28(11), 2989, 3159-3162]
-"The inedible fruit is harvested for its seeds, which contain annatto, also called bixin. It can be extracted by stirring the seeds in water. It is used to color food products, such as cheeses, fish, and salad oil... The pigment has E-number E160b. The seeds are collected from wild-growing bushes or from plantations, in Latin America, Africa (e.g. Kenya) and Asia. However, since there is no strong organization promoting the use of annatto, the color beta carotene, which is more expensive, has pushed the natural pigment out of many applications." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana]]
+----
 "An organic extract of Annatto (Bixa orellana) leaves obtained in 95% ethanol was examined for in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion and tube dilution methods. The extract (5 mg/ml) produced antimicrobial action in agar diffusion assays against standard strains of Gram-positive bacteria including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis while exerting only slight action against Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Candida utilis, and Aspergillus niger." \\
@@ Zeile 16: / Zeile 18: @@
 [Preliminary pharmacological screening of //Bixa orellana// L. leaves., Shilpi, J.A., Taufiq-Ur-Rahman, M., Uddin, S.J., Alam, M.S., Sadhu, S.K., Seidel, V., Journal of ethnopharmacology, Vol.108(2), 3006, 264-271]
-{{http://www.plantillustrations.org/ILLUSTRATIONS_HD/190521.jpg?500}} \\
+{{:bixa_orellana.jpg?600}} \\
-Bixa orellana L. [as Roccu], Panhuys, L. von, Watercolours of Surinam (1811-1824) [unpublished], (1812) [Louise von Panhuys] \\
+Martius, C., Eichler, A.G., Urban, I., Flora Brasiliensis, vol.13(1): f.55, t.87 (1871) \\
 [[http://www.plantillustrations.org/species.php?id_species=145304]]