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Viola tricolor L. - Violaceae - European wild pansy, field pansy, hearts ease, love in idleness, Johny jump up, Feldstiefmütterchen, Wildes Stiefmütterchen
Annual herb, up to 40cm high, native to Europe, West Sibiria, North Africa; basal leaves narrowly ovate or lanceolate, long petiolate, stipules large, leaflike, deeply pinnatifid, 1-4 cm; petioles of upper leaves longer, those of lower leaves shorter; cauline leaves ovate, oblong-orbicular, or oblong-lanceolate, base rounded, margin remotely crenate; flowers solitary in leaf axils, upper petals deep purple-violet, lateral petals and anterior one 3-colored, purple-striate.
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014437
Dried aboveground parts (Violae tricoloris herba) is used in supportive treatment of various skinconditions. „Nowadays, the main use of the herb is to treat eczema, impetigo, pruritus and acne. Traditionally, it is an expectorant, diuretic and anti-inflammatory. It is regarded against troat infections and is sometimes used as antitussive, cholagogue, antirheumatic and tonic… The triterpenes, flavanoids and methyl salicylate exhibit anti-inflammatory and secretolytic effects. These substances would plausibly explain the use of Viola tricolor as an expectorant and antiphlogistic remedy to treat catarrhs and skin inflammations.“
[Medicinal Plants of the World. Ben-Erik Van Wyk and Michael Wink, Pretoria 2004, 341]
Whereas the essential oil obtained from fresh aerial parts of V. tricolor (35 compounds, 97.7% identified) contained bisabolone oxide (43.2%), trans-β-farnesene (4.0%), bisabolol oxide A and B (7.7% and 2.2%) as main components, these substances were absent in dried material.
The main volatile components identified in essential oil from dried aerial parts (24 compounds representing 60.5%) were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (4.0%), methyl salicylate (1.2%), and β-ionone (1.0%).
[Composition of essential oils of Viola tricolor and V. arvensis from Romania., Anca, T., Philippe, V., Ilioara, O., Mircea, T., Chemistry of natural compounds, 45(1), 2009, 91-92]
Dietrich, A.G., Flora regni borussici, vol. 2: t. 95 (1834)
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=1065936