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Asteraceae - coltsfoot, Huflattich
Perennial herb, 5-30cm high; native to Eurasia, North Africa, naturalized in North America; yellow flowers appear in spring before leaves on a stem with reddish scales; leaves 10-25cm broad, cordate, underneath hoary.
„The large leaves of coltsfoot are soft-hairy underneath and are therefore referred by naturalists as hikers toilet paper.“ http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huflattich
Dried leaves of coltsfoot (Farfarae folium) is used to treat dry cough and as an expectorant. Mucus-forming substances of the hot water extract from the leaves cover mucous membranes of the throat and thus reduce the urge to cough. [Wichtl, Max. Teedrogen, Teedrogen und Phytopharmaka, Stuttgart 2002]
„Chemical studies on the dried, young flowers used in this experiment suggested that the carcinogenicity of coltsfoot is most probably due to senkirkine, a hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid.“ [Carcinogenic activity of coltsfoot, Tussilago farfara L., Hirono, Iwao, Hideki Mori, and C. C. Culvenor. Gann= Gan Vol.67(1), 1976, 125-129]
„…concentrations of senkirkine varying from 2.5 to 11.2 ppm were estimated in a commercial sample of coltsfoot.“ [Quantitative analysis of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids senkirkine and senecionine in Tussilago farfara L. by capillary electrophoresis. Lebada, R., Schreier, A., Scherz, S., Resch, C., Krenn, L., & Kopp, B., Phytochemical Analysis, Vol.11(6), 2000, 366-369]
„Tussilagone (TSL), isolated from the flower of buds of Tussilago farfara (Compositae), is a sesquiterpenoid that is known to exert a variety of pharmacological activities. In the present study, we demonstrated that TSL exerts anti-inflammatory activities in murine macrophages by inducing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression.“ [The anti-inflammatory effect of tussilagone, from< i> Tussilago farfara</i>, is mediated by the induction of heme oxygenase-1 in murine macrophages. Hwangbo, C., Lee, H. S., Park, J., Choe, J., & Lee, J. H. International immunopharmacology, Vol.9(13), 2009, 1578-1584]
