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Rumex crispus L. - Polygonaceae - yellow dock, curled dock, curly dock, Krauser Ampfer
Perennial herb, up to 1m high, widely native or naturalized; leaves lanceolate to lanceolate-linear, base cuneate, truncate, or weakly cordate, margins strongly crisped and undulate; flowers 10-25 in whorls, greenish; achenes usually reddish brown. „Rumex crispus hybridizes with many other species of subg. Rumex. Hybrids with R. obtusifolius (Rumex ×pratensis Mertens & Koch) are the most common in the genus, at least in Europe, and have been reported for several localities in North America.“ http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200006746
The Rumex species belong to the emodin drugs that cause mild laxation due to stimulation of the colon activity.
[Lehrbuch der Biologischen Heilmittel, Gerhard Madaus, 1938] http://henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/madaus/rumex.html
„Anthraquinone glycoside amount of R.crispus has given for underground part 0.52% and for aerial part 0.44% (Sener et al., 1987)… The highest anthraquinone glycoside content was established in the roots of R.crispus during vegetation stages (0.35-0.91%) while the stem from 0.03-0.46%, leaves 0.05-0.40% and the fruits 0.08-0.34% reached. It is evident from the data, that all parts of plant showed the highest anthraquinone glycoside content in August… Rumex crispus contained not only emodin, chrysophanol and physcion glycoside but also aloe-emodin glycoside.“
[Concentrations of anthraquinone glycosides of Rumex crispus during different vegetation stages., Demirezer, L.Ö., Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 49(7-8), 1994, 404-406] http://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/znc.1994.49.issue-7-8/znc-1994-7-802/znc-1994-7-802.xml
Tannin content (% of dry weight) obtained from Rumex acetosa were: roots (19.3%), leaves (4.6%), and fruits (4.8%).
[Antiradical properties of extracts from roots, leaves and fruits of six Rumex L. species., Wegiera, M., Grabarczyk, P., Baraniak, B., Smolarz, H., Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 53(1), 2011, 125-131] http://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/abcsb.2011.53.issue-1/v10182-011-0018-z/v10182-011-0018-z.xml
Sturm, J., Krause, E.H.L., Lutz, K.G., Flora von Deutschland in Abbildungen nach der Natur, Zweite Aufl., vol.4 t.52, (1905)
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=894000