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Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poiret - syn.Phellandrium aquaticum L., Oenanthe phellandrium Lam. - Apiaceae
water fennel, fine-leaved water dropwort, Großer Wasserfenchel, Wasser-Pferdesaat
Annual or biennel herb, 0.30-1.2m high, native to Europe and West Asia, naturalized in North America. Fruits 3.5-4.5mm long.
The plant is to be distinguished from Oenanthe fluviatilis (extinct in Germany) and the even more toxic Oenanthe conioides (endemic to the Elbe floodplain in Germany) which are 1-2m high and have 4.5-6mm long fruits.
[Exkursionsflora, Werner Rothmaler, Berlin 1986]
Settles various wetlands, landscapes with ponds and pools, in reeds at water depths up to 1 m. It tolerates large fluctuations of the water level and preferably lime-and nutrient-rich waters. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oenanthe_aquatica
Main constituents of the essential oil from the fruits collected by steam distillation (1-2.5%, Phellandri aetheroleum, Oleum Phellandri), were β-phellandrene (80%), β-pinene, androl and some acetylenic compounds. Minor components were α-pinene, myrcene, sabinene, p-cymene, octanal, androl formate, 1,5-nonadiene-3-ol formate, cryptone, α-terpineol, and phellandral e.g.
[Composition of the Oenanthe aquatica essential oil., Vincieri, F.F., Coran, S.A., Bambagiotti, M., Planta medica, 29(02), 1976, 101-112]
Phellandri aetheroleum (Oleum Phellandri) contains β-phellandrene (80%), phellandral, apiol, camphene, isopropyl cyclohexen-2-ol, myristicin, n-nonen-1-ol, n-nonen-2-ol, n-undecen-4-ol and is formerly used in folk medicine to treat diseases of the respiratory system and digestive organs.
[Hagers Handbuch 2010]
Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poiret as Oenanthe phellandrium Lam.
Kohl, F.G., Die officinellen Pflanzen der Pharmacopoea Germanica, t.80 (1891-1895)
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=709432