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Hedera helix L. - Araliaceae - common ivy, English ivy, (Gemeiner) Efeu
Evergreen woody climber, native to Europe, the Mediterranean, and West Asia, widely cultivated as an ornamental; leaves alternate, simple, ovate (on creeping and climbing stems) to palmately five-lobed (flowering stems exposed to full sun); flowers yellow.
Extracts of leaves are used in bronchial diseases, including spasmodic cough. The extract has expectorant and antispasmodic properties. Higher doses may be irritant to mucosa and skin.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeiner_Efeu]
„The leaves can cause severe contact dermatitis in some people. People who have this allergy (strictly a Type IV hypersensitivity) are also likely to react to carrots and other members of the Apiaceae as they contain the same allergen, falcarinol.“
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedera_helix
The ethanolic extract was tested for its antiinflammatory properties on rat paw edema. „Intraperitoneal injections of 7.5 ml/kg wt ethanol extract showed antiinflammatory activity with 88.89% inhibition as compared to reference drug diclofenac, which showed 94.44% inhibition in formalin-induced paw oedema.“
[The antiinflammatory and antiarthritic properties of ethanol extract of Hedera helix., Rai, A., Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Vol.75(1), 2013, 99]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3719157/
„The effect of ivy leaves dry extract is based on its secretolytical and broncholytical properties. The main active compounds are saponins (Cioacá et al., 1978, Trute et al., 1997 and Bedir et al., 2000), especially alpha-hederin represents the most important saponin molecule responsible for the therapeutic effect (Sieben et al. 2009). Alpha-hederin inhibits the internalization of the β2-receptor leading to an increased adrenergic accessibility of the cells. Subsequently, type II alveolar epithelial cells generate more surfactant yielding to the secretolytic activity by reduction of the mucus viscosity. Similarly, the bronchodilating effect can be related to the increased β2-adrenergic activity resulting in a higher sensitivity to spasmolytics such as adrenalin, the strongest physiological bronchodilator (Hegener et al. 2004). In a double blind comparative study against Ambroxol, the ivy leaves dry extract demonstrated non-inferiority concerning relevant clinical and lung function outcome parameters (Meyer-Wegener et al. 1993).
… children with mild uncontrolled asthma despite regular inhaled corticosteroid therapy might benefit from an additional therapy with ivy leaves dry extract. However, further studies are needed.“
[Tolerance and effect of an add-on treatment with a cough medicine containing ivy leaves dry extract on lung function in children with bronchial asthma., Zeil, S., Schwanebeck, U., Vogelberg, C., Phytomedicine, Vol.21(10), 2014, 1216-1220]
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S094471131400227X
