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Asarum sieboldii Miq. - syn.Asiasarum sieboldi (Miq.) F.Maekawa - Aristolochiaceae
汉城细辛 han cheng xi xin (chin.), ウスバサイシン usuba-saisin (jap.)
Herb, native to Korea, northeastern China, and Japan.
The dried rhizomes contain volatile oil - var. sieboldii with 1.9-2.5% (methyl eugenol, safrole, eucarvon, some palmitic acid), var. cineoliferum 1.7-4% (methyl eugenol, safrole, cineole and some pinene compounds), var. seoulense with 3% (methyl eugenol, safrole, eucarvon, beta-pinenen and some palmitic acid).
[Hager; Fujita Y, Bot.Mag.Tokyo, 79, (1966), 783-790]
Substances present in the methanolic extract of the roots, like methyl eugenol, elemicin, gamma-asarone, asarinin and sesamin are shown to have antiallergic effects.
[Hashimoto K, Yanagisawa T, Okui Y, Ikeya Y, Maruno M, Fujita T, Planta Med, 60(2), (1994), 124-7]
„…the methanol extract of AR exerts anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by activating opioid receptor as well as by inhibiting bradykinin and histamine-mediated actions.“
[Mechanism of anti-nociceptive effects of Asarum sieboldii Miq. radix: potential role of bradykinin, histamine and opioid receptor-mediated pathways., Kim, S.J., Zhang, C.G., Lim, J.T., Journal of ethnopharmacology, 88(1), 2003, 5-9]
„ …the content of safrole in the dried herbal drugs tested ranged from 0.14–2.78 mg/ g whilst the content of methyleugenol ranged from 1.94–16.04 mg/g… The present study demonstrated that following a 1-hour decoction, the amount of safrole was decreased by more than 92% resulting in the equivalent of no more than 0.20 mg/g safrole remaining in the aqueous extract. Similarly, the content of methyleugenol was decreased to the equivalent of 0.30–2.70 mg/g. Furthermore, both TCM formulae, after decoction, showed negligible amounts of safrole (maximum, the equivalent of 0.06 mg/ g), and only 1.38–2.71 mg/g of methyleugenol… The present study shows that a decoction procedure, similar to that traditionally used for Chinese herbal preparations, is able to effectively reduce the amount of safrole and methyleugenol effectively. Such a reduction in the content of safrole should be acceptable for therapeutic use.“
[Reduction of safrole and methyleugenol in Asari radix et rhizoma by decoction., Chen, C., Spriano, D., Lehmann, T., Meier, B., Forschende Komplementärmedizin/Research in Complementary Medicine, 16(3), 2009, 162-166]
The dried rhizome and roots of Asiasarum sieboldii are known as Asiasarum root, Asiasari radix, Asari radix et rhizoma; used together with the very similar Asiasarum heterotropoides roots. The nearly cylindrical, unbranched rhizome is 1-10cm long and 2-4mm in diameter, with numerous thin long roots about 15cm long and 1mm in diameter and longitudinal wrinkles on the surface. They are grey-yellow to brown on the outside, sometimes with peduncles or buds at the upper end. The drug has a characteristic odor and an acrid taste.
Extracts showed various effects in animals: The drug had analgetic, antiallergic, antibacterial, stimulant, anaesthetic and sedative properties.
Folkloristic uses include common cold, cough and rheumatic complaints, headache and toothache.
Preparations. Internally as decoct, 1-3g for common cold, cough and headache. Externally as fluid extract for toothache. Ethanolic extracts (96%, 1/1) from whole plants are used as components in hair tonics.
[Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Springer 2010]