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--- taraxacum_officinale_wigg._aggr [2015/03/10 15:40] – andreas
+++ taraxacum_officinale_wigg._aggr [2015/06/13 09:40] (aktuell) – Externe Bearbeitung 127.0.0.1
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 Perennial herb, up to 40cm high, native to Europe, Asia, naturalized in North America; taproot up to 30cm long; whole plant and especially the stalks with white milky sap; leaves 5-25cm long, lanceolate, deeply lobed, forming a basal rosette; flowers shiny golden-yellow, solitary at the top of hollow stalks; fruits forming a rounded, white-haired seed-head known as dandelion clock.
-Tender young leaves are considerably less bitter than older leaves so they are used in salads. \\
+Tender young leaves are considerably less bitter than older leaves so they are used in salads. Many dialectal names refer to its roots diuretic effect: bed-wetter, bed-piddler.\\
 [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%B6hnlicher_L%C3%B6wenzahn]]
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 "To investigate the efficacy and the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of Taraxacum officinale leaves (TOLs), the effect of a methanol extract and its fractions recovered from TOLs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced responses was studied in the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7... Among the fractions of the methanol extract, the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited the most effective anti-inflammatory activities. These results show that the anti-inflammatory effects of TOLs are probably due to down-regulation of NO, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced expressions of iNOS and COX-2 via inactivation of the MAP kinase signal pathway." \\
 [Anti-inflammatory effect of Taraxacum officinale leaves on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells., Koh, Y.J., Cha, D.S., Ko, J.S., Park, H.J., Choi, H.D., Journal of medicinal food, Vol.13(4), 2010, 870-878]
+"Taraxasterol, a pentacyclic-triterpene, was isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Taraxacum officinale... taraxasterol inhibited NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies revealed that taraxasterol prevented the LPS-induced NF-κB translocation from cytoplasm into nuclear... These results indicate that taraxasterol has anti-inflammatory effect by blocking NF-κB pathway." \\
+[Effects of taraxasterol on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages., Zhang, X., Xiong, H., Liu, L., Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol.141(1), 2012, 206-211]
+T.officinale leaves are very nutritious with high content of protein, potassium, calcium and iron. \\
+[Total Lipids, Proteins, Minerals and Essential Oils of Taraxacum Officinale L. Growing Wild in Kosovo., Faiku, F., International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research, Vol.3(3), 2014, 254-257] \\
+[[http://pharmamedix.in/journals/index.php/IJPPR/article/download/112/pdf_33]]
+Contents (100g aerial parts): Protein 2.7g, potassium 397mg, calcium 187mg, iron 3.1mg. [USDA DB entry 11207, Dandelion greens, raw]\\
+[[http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/2996?fgcd=&manu=&lfacet=&format=Full&count=&max=35&offset=&sort=&qlookup=11207]]
 {{:taraxacum_off.jpg?500}} \\