Unterschiede

Hier werden die Unterschiede zwischen zwei Versionen angezeigt.

--- pinus_cembra_l [2017/12/20 08:53] – andreas
+++ pinus_cembra_l [2021/07/23 10:21] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-Pinus cembra L. - Pinaceae - Swiss pine, Swiss stone pine, **Zirbelkiefer**, Arbe, Arve
+Pinus cembra L. - Pinaceae - Swiss pine, Swiss stone pine, Arolla pine, **Zirbelkiefer**, Zirbe, Arbe, Arve
 Evergreen pine tree of the European mountains (Tatra, Carpathian, Alps), up to 15m tall; bark brown; young twigs rusty-yellow, in the 2nd year with grayish-black hairs; needles stiff, 1.5mm wide; cone ovoid-shaped, up to 8cm long.
@@ Zeile 11: / Zeile 11: @@
 Main components of the headspace of P.cembra needles were β-phellandrene (35.2%), α-pinene (29.8%), β-pinene (12.0%), and germacrene D (5.1%). Other remarkable compounds found are tetradecano-14-lactone (0.01%) and hexadecano-16-lactone (0.01%) with musky notes and (E,Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene (0.02%, intense galbanum odor). \\
 Main components of the headspace of fresh wood shavings were α-pinene (45.0%), δ-3-carene (15.7%), limonene (5.0%), and bornyl acetate (2.6%). Lipid degradation products like (E)-hept-2-enal (0.08%), (E)-oct-2-enal (0.03%), and (E)-non-2-enal (0.08%) support the somewhat fatty and oily odor of the fresh wood. \\
-The main compounds of shavings from 300year old wood were α-pinene (51.9%), limonene (11.5%), α-terpineol (7.5%), and camphene (4.9%). The old wood is charaterized by a deeper, warmer scent quality. The incense-like aspect is supported by the warmth of lignin-degradation products such as creosol, 4-ethylguaiacol, p-cresol, and vanillin (present in traces). \\
+The main compounds from the headspace of shavings from 300year old wood were α-pinene (51.9%), limonene (11.5%), α-terpineol (7.5%), and camphene (4.9%). The old wood is charaterized by a deeper, warmer scent quality. The incense-like aspect is supported by the warmth of lignin-degradation products such as creosol, 4-ethylguaiacol, p-cresol, and vanillin (present in traces). \\
 [Scent of a vanishing flora, Roman Kaiser, 2011, 166-168 and 405-407]
@@ Zeile 19: / Zeile 19: @@
 [Composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of a full grown tree of Pinus cembra L. from the Calimani mountains (Romania). Apetrei, L. C., Spac, A., Brebu, M., Tuchilus, C., & Miron, A., Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, Vol.78(1), 2013, 27-37]
-{{:pinus_cembra.jpg?500}} \\
+|{{:alpha_pinene.jpg| α-pinene }} \\ α-pinene | {{:ethylcinnamate.jpg|ethyl cinnamate}} \\ ethyl cinnamate | {{:carvacrol.jpg|carvacrol }} \\ carvacrol |{{:thymol.jpg|thymol}} \\ thymol |{{:rotundone.jpg|rotundone}} \\ rotundone |
+"The wood of the Cembran pine (Pinus cembra L.), also known as Swiss pine, Arolla pine or Stone pine, has a prominent and long-lasting odor which has been reported to relieve stress in humans... human sensory analyses together with isolation and analysis of the target odorants via solvent-assisted flavor evaporation were performed. Afterwards, comparative odor extract dilution analysis (cOEDA) was applied to investigate the odorous constituents of pinewood samples from forests in Austria and Italy... Several compounds including germacrene D, thymol, carvacrol, rotundone, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, cinnamaldehyde, and ethyl cinnamate are reported here for the first time as odorous constituents of pinewood." \\
+From the 31 odor-active substances detected with dilution factors from 128-2048, the 11 most potent substances were α -pinene (resin-like), 1-hexanol (green, fruity, apple-like), 1-octanol (citrus-like, green), fenchol (earthy, musty), 3-methylbutanoic acid (cheesy), germacrene D (fruity, green, woody), cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon-like), ethyl cinnamate (cinnamon-like), γ-decalactone (peach-like, fruity), undecanoic acid (coconut-like, soapy, fatty), and vanillin (vanilla-like). \\
+[Ghadiriasli, R., Mahmoud, M. A., Wagenstaller, M., van de Kuilen, J. W., & Buettner, A. (2020). Molecular and sensory characterization of odorants in Cembran pine (Pinus cembra L.) from different geographic regions. Talanta, 121380]
+{{:pinus_cembra.jpg?600}} \\
 Lambert, A.B., Description of the genus Pinus and some other remarkable plants, 2nd ed., vol.1 p.34 t.23 (1890) [Ferdinand Bauer] \\
 [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=794138]]