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--- asarum_heterotropoides_f._schmidt [2015/06/30 15:01] – angelegt andreas
+++ asarum_heterotropoides_f._schmidt [2015/07/02 05:56] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
 Asarum heterotropoides F. Schmidt - syn.Asiasarum heterotropoides (F.Schmidt) F.Maekawa; Asiasarum sieboldii Miq. ssp.heterotropoides Kitamura - Aristolochiaceae \\
-var. mandshuricum: Chinese wild ginger , ケイリンサイシン keirin-saishin (jap.), bai xi xin (chin.) \\
+Chinese wild ginger, 细辛 xi xin (chin.), ケイリンサイシン keirin-saishin (jap., var. mandshuricum) \\
 Herb, native to Korea, northeast of China, Hokkaido (Japan). Two varities are known - var.mandshuricum (indigenous to Korea and northeast China) and var.heterotropoides (Hokkaido). \\
 [[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?455755]]
+"Material from China belongs to the endemic form, Asarum heterotropoides f. mandshuricum (Maximowicz) Kitagawa (A. sieboldii Miquel var. mandshuricum Maximowicz; Asiasarum heterotropoides (F. Schmidt) F. Maekwa var. mandshuricum (Maximowicz) F. Maekawa); whereas f. heterotropoides is restricted to Japan. The authentic traditional Chinese medicine 细辛 (xi xin)." \\
+[[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200006652]]
 The dried rhizome and roots of Asiasarum heterotropoides are used together with the very similar [[asarum_sieboldii_miq|Asiasarum sieboldii]] roots as Asiasarum root or Asarum root, Asiasari radix. The drug (var.heterotropoides) yields a volatile oil (1.6-1.9%) with methyl eugenol, safrole, and eucarvon. The roots of var. mandshuricum contain more oil (2.2-5.5%), with methyl eugenol (47%) as main constituent, further safrole, elemicin and eucarvone, some alpha-pinene and aliphatic amides (pellitorine e.g.). Higenamine is stated as characteristic for the Asiasarum heterotropoides. \\
 [Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Springer 2010]
-Fujita Y, Bot.Mag.Tokyo, 79, (1966), 783-790;
-Yasuda I, Takeya K, Itokawa H, Chem.Pharm.Bull., 29, (1981), 564-6;
-Liu L, Li Y, Chem CC Chou TC, Wang HH, cit. CA 96, 126043
 Two lignanes, asarinin and xanthoxylol, were isolated and exhidited  antitumor effects in mice. \\
-[Takasaki M, Konoshima T, Yasuda I, Hamano T, Tokuda H, Biol.Pharm.Bull., 20(7), (1997), 776-780]
+[Takasaki M, Konoshima T, Yasuda I, Hamano T, Tokuda H, Biol.Pharm.Bull., 20(7), 1997, 776-780]
+Root extracts (80% EtOH, LC) of A. heterotropoides contained tetrahydrofuran lignans, aristolactams, an aristolochic acid derivative, three flavanones, two monoterpenes, and four phenolics. Among the 22 tested compounds, two (7-methoxyaristololactam IV, and (7α,7'β,8α,8'α)-3,4-methylenedioxy-3',4'-dihydroxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-lignane) induced the downregulation of NO production, FOXP3 expression, and HIF-1α transcriptional activity. \\
+[Bioactive Compounds from the Roots of Asiasarum heterotropoides., Lee, J., Lee, Y.J., Oh, S.M., Yi, J.M., Kim, N.S., Bang, O.S., Molecules, 19(1), 2013, 122-138] [[http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/1/122/htm]]
+"The main compounds in analyzed samples were methyl eugenol (22.58%), pentadecane (6.78%), 2,3,5-trimethoxytoluene (5.54%), 4-(chloromethyl) cyclohexene (3.36%), myristicine (3.27%), sesamin (3.24%), and kakoul (2-hydroxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone, 2.63%)... EOAH [essential oil from Asarum heterotropoides] at higher doses (1.0 and 2.0 g) reduced immobility time in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test. In addition, EOAH at a dose of 1.0 g significantly reduced the expected increases in the expression of corticotropin releasing factor positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in the locus coeruleus, and the expected decreases of the 5-HT positive neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus." \\
+[Effect of the fragrance inhalation of essential oil from Asarum heterotropoides on depression-like behaviors in mice., Park, H.J., Lim, E.J., Zhao, R.J., Oh, S.R., Jung, J.W., Ahn, E.M., Yang, C.H., BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 15(1), 2015, 43] [[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/15/43]]
+pictures: [[http://www.asianflora.com/Aristolochiaceae/Asarum-heterotropoides.htm]]