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xanthium_strumarium_l [2015/12/28 19:21]
andreas 		xanthium_strumarium_l [2015/12/28 19:28]
andreas
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-Xanthium strumarium L. - syn. anthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder - Asteraceae \\+Xanthium strumarium L. - syn. Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder - Asteraceae \\
 苍耳 cang er  (chin.), Siberian cocklebur, (large) cocklebur, **Gewöhnliche Spitzklette**, Sibirische Spitzklette 苍耳 cang er  (chin.), Siberian cocklebur, (large) cocklebur, **Gewöhnliche Spitzklette**, Sibirische Spitzklette
  
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 "The pistillate heads consist of two pistillate flowers surrounded by a spiny involucre. Upon fruiting, these two flowers ripen into two brown to black achenes and they are completely enveloped by the involucre, which becomes a bur. The bur, being buoyant, easily disperses in the water for plants growing along waterways. However, the bur, with its hooked projections, is obviously adapted to dispersal via mammals by becoming entangled in their hair." [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthium_strumarium]] "The pistillate heads consist of two pistillate flowers surrounded by a spiny involucre. Upon fruiting, these two flowers ripen into two brown to black achenes and they are completely enveloped by the involucre, which becomes a bur. The bur, being buoyant, easily disperses in the water for plants growing along waterways. However, the bur, with its hooked projections, is obviously adapted to dispersal via mammals by becoming entangled in their hair." [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthium_strumarium]]
  
-The plant contains atractyloside, which leads to an infrequent but often fatal form of herbal poisoning. "The primary mechanism of atractyloside poisoning is known to be inhibition of the mitochondrial ADP transporter. Poisoning in humans may present with either acute hepatic or renal pathology and it is possible that there is a second, different mechanism of toxicity to the hepatocyte. Atractyloside in large amounts gives rise to massive necrosis, but in vitro studies have shown that at lower doses cells progress to apoptosis." \\+The plant contains carboxyatractyloside (CATR), which leads to an infrequent but often fatal form of herbal poisoning. "Both ATR and CATR inhibit the transport of ADP across the mitochondrial membrane, preventing the synthesis of ATP and leading to failure in gluconeogenesis and cell death because of energy starvation... Poisoning in humans may present with either acute hepatic or renal pathology and it is possible that there is a second, different mechanism of toxicity to the hepatocyte. Atractyloside in large amounts gives rise to massive necrosis, but in vitro studies have shown that at lower doses cells progress to apoptosis." \\
 [The biochemistry and toxicity of atractyloside: a review., Stewart, M.J., Steenkamp, V., Therapeutic drug monitoring, 22(6), 2000, 641-649]  [The biochemistry and toxicity of atractyloside: a review., Stewart, M.J., Steenkamp, V., Therapeutic drug monitoring, 22(6), 2000, 641-649] 
  
xanthium_strumarium_l.txt · Zuletzt geändert: 2015/12/28 19:29 von andreas

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