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Viola odorata L. - Violaceae - sweet violet, garden violet, English violet, Duftveilchen, März-Veilchen

Perennial herb, up to 10cm high; native to Eurasia, North Africa, cultivated as ornamental; leaves basal, petioled (up to 5cm), orbicular or reniform to broadly ovate-cordate, crenate; flowers fragrant, deep violet, seldom white or pink, stipules ovate, 3-4mm broad.
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014395

„Viola odorata flowers give 0.003% essential oil. According to older informations, the oil contains benzyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, 2,6-nonadienal (violet leaf aldehyde), 2,6-nonadienol. Fragrance principle is parmon (= (E)-α-ionone, as (R)-(+)-enantiomer (99.9%).“
[Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Springer 2010]

„A recent headspace analysis of violets in bloom even gave 35.7% of α-ionones, 21.1% of β-ionone, and 18.2% of dihydro-β-ionone, which makes together 75% of the headspace.“
[Fragrance chemistry - milestones and perspectives., Gautschi, M., Bajgrowicz, J.A., Kraft, P., CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry, Vol.55(5), 2001, 379-387]

„According to the HS-SPME GC/MS analyses, ethyl hexanoate and (2E,6Z)-nona-2,6-dienol were specific volatile compounds of the sample with French origin, while (E,E)-hepta-2,4-dienal, hexanoic acid, limonene, tridecane, and eugenol were specific of the samples with Egyptian origin. Additional compounds that were not detected by HS-SPME GC/MS analysis were revealed by GC-O analyses, some of them being markers of origin. Pent-1-en-3-ol, 3-methylbut-2-enal, 2-methoxy-3-(1-methylethyl)pyrazine, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, β-phenethyl formate, and 2-methoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)pyrazine revealed to be odorant markers of the French sample, whereas cis-rose oxide, trans-rose oxide, and 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-enone were odorant markers of the Egyptian samples.“
[Volatile Compounds of Viola odorata Absolutes: Identification of Odorant Active Markers to Distinguish Plants Originating from France and Egypt., Saint‐Lary, L., Roy, C., Paris, J.P., Tournayre, P., Berdagué, J.L., Thomas, O.P., Fernandez, X., Chemistry & biodiversity, Vol.11(6), 2014, 843-860]