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valeriana_officinalis_l [2016/08/06 21:26] andreas |
valeriana_officinalis_l [2022/06/19 08:52] andreas |
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- | Valeriana officinalis L. - Valerianaceae | + | Valeriana officinalis L. - Valerianaceae |
- | common valerian, **Echter Baldrian**, Arznei-Baldrian, | + | |
Perennial herb, 0.40-1.60 high, native in Europe an Asia, naturalized in northeastern North America; leaves opposite, pinnate; flowers in cymes, white to pink. Valerian root extracts are most often used to treat insomnia. \\ | Perennial herb, 0.40-1.60 high, native in Europe an Asia, naturalized in northeastern North America; leaves opposite, pinnate; flowers in cymes, white to pink. Valerian root extracts are most often used to treat insomnia. \\ | ||
" | " | ||
[[http:// | [[http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | **flowers** \\ | ||
+ | The flower scent of living V.officinalis is rather a sweet one and does not contain the unpleasant smelling valeric acid or isovaleric acid which are major components of the hydrodistilled flower oil. Headspace samples from unpicked valerian flowers contained lavandulyl isovalarate (15.0%), lavandulyl 2-methylbutyrate (0.6%), and lavandulol (1.6%), (E, | ||
+ | [Flower scent of some traditional medicinal plants., Brunke, E.J., Hammerschmidt, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **roots** \\ | ||
+ | Among the many sesquiterpenoid compounds present in V.officinalis root oil, (-)-maaliol sticks out: The higher the content, the finer the character of the scent of the oil. The actual scent carrier proved to be the ester of isovaleric acid with (-)-myrtenol. In addition, the acetates of (-)-myrtenol and (-)-borneol play an olfactory role. \\ | ||
+ | [Ohloff, Günther. "75 Jahre Riechstoff‐und Aroma‐Chemie im Spiegel der Helvetica Chimica Acta. Teil I." Helvetica Chimica Acta 75.5 (1992): 1341-1415] | ||
Main alkaloid of the root (0.03%) is N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl actinidine, and the cat-attratractant [[http:// | Main alkaloid of the root (0.03%) is N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl actinidine, and the cat-attratractant [[http:// | ||
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[Über monoterpenoide Valeriana‐Alkaloide. | [Über monoterpenoide Valeriana‐Alkaloide. | ||
- | "As they dry, exposed valerian roots and rhizomes develop a characteristic offensive odor resembling that of sweaty socks or dirty underwear (due to formation of [[https:// | + | "As they dry, exposed valerian roots and rhizomes develop a characteristic offensive odor resembling that of sweaty socks or dirty underwear (due to formation of [[https:// |
+ | ... if it is assumed that the volatile oil content of the root is high (e.g., 2.8%), and little bornyl acetate is present, some 30 to 40% of the volatile oil (i.e., ∼0.9% of the root), might be capable of yielding isovaleric acid. An additional small isovalerate contribution might be found from the breaking down of valepotriates. Hence up to a total of 1% of the root might be converted to isovalerate. It is very likely that isovaleric acid possesses anticonvulsant properties..." \\ | ||
[Could valerian have been the first anticonvulsant? | [Could valerian have been the first anticonvulsant? | ||
There are several subspecies, cultivars, and chemotypes of V.officialis known. Hence the composition of the extracts from roots and rhizomes is very variable. Typical compounds found are isovaleric acid, bornyl acetate and bornyl isovalerate, | There are several subspecies, cultivars, and chemotypes of V.officialis known. Hence the composition of the extracts from roots and rhizomes is very variable. Typical compounds found are isovaleric acid, bornyl acetate and bornyl isovalerate, | ||
- | "The volatile constituents from roots of Valeriana officinalis L. were investigated using GC and GC/MS methods. Valerianae radix samples were obtained from retail pharmacies of different European countries. The roots of 15 V. offcinalis samples yielded 0.19–1.16% essential oil on a dry weight basis. The basic oil components among the identified 86 compounds were bornyl acetate (2.9–33.7%), α-fenchene (0–28.3%), valerianol (0.2–18.2%), valerenal (tr-15.6%), isovaleric acid (0–13.1%), camphene (0–11.1%) and valeranone (0.5–10.9%). Bornyl acetate/ | + | "The volatile constituents from roots of Valeriana officinalis L. were investigated using GC and GC/MS methods. Valerianae radix samples were obtained from retail pharmacies of different European countries. The roots of 15 V. offcinalis samples yielded 0.19-1.16% essential oil on a dry weight basis. The basic oil components among the identified 86 compounds were bornyl acetate (2.9-33.7%), α-fenchene (0-28.3%), valerianol (0.2-18.2%), valerenal (tr-15.6%), isovaleric acid (0-13.1%), camphene (0-11.1%) and valeranone (0.5-10.9%). Bornyl acetate/ |
[Variation in the composition of the essential oil of commercial Valeriana officinalis L. roots from different countries. Raal, A., Arak, E., Orav, A., Kailas, T., Müürisepp, | [Variation in the composition of the essential oil of commercial Valeriana officinalis L. roots from different countries. Raal, A., Arak, E., Orav, A., Kailas, T., Müürisepp, | ||
+ | |||
+ | |{{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | " | ||
+ | content was only 1.2% in the oil analyzed by Huang et al.). The differences may be attributed to a | ||
+ | different geographical environment, | ||
+ | method of oil isolation." | ||
+ | [Wang, Jihua, et al. " | ||
+ | |||
+ | " | ||
+ | [Pyle, Bryan W., et al. " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
"A comprehensive search of studies investigating valerian was conducted through computerized databases and hand | "A comprehensive search of studies investigating valerian was conducted through computerized databases and hand | ||
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[[http:// | [[http:// | ||
- | {{: | + | {{: |
Kohl, F.G., Die officinellen Pflanzen der Pharmacopoea Germanica, t.149 (1891-1895) [F.G.Kohl] \\ | Kohl, F.G., Die officinellen Pflanzen der Pharmacopoea Germanica, t.149 (1891-1895) [F.G.Kohl] \\ | ||
[[http:// | [[http:// | ||
+ | {{http:// | ||
+ | Valeriana officinalis ssp. officinalis \\ © Rolf Marschner (2006), | ||
+ | [[http:// |