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Valerianaeceae - syn. Valeriana wallichii DC., Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC.; nard, spikenard, Indische Narde

Probably the plant of the „nard oil“ of the bible. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nardostachys_jatamansi
From greek „nárdos“ = fragrant. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indische_Narde
Tomentose to pilose plant, 16-60 cm tall, native to the Himalayas, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and China.

„Indian valerian root oil obtained from the roots of the plant V. wallichi collected from different areas has been examined. Neutral portion of the oil contains ar-curcumene, α,β,γ-patchoulenes, patchouli alcohol, β-sitosterol, valeranone, maali-oxide, maaliol, calarene, and the new sesquiterpene hydrocarbon β-bergamotene which is an isoprenologue of β-pinene. Acidic portion of the oil is composed of formic, propionic, butyric, isovaleric, β-methyl valeric, palmitic, steric acids, and isovaleryl ester of α-hydroxyisovaleric acid along with some unidentified acids.“
[Terpenoids—XLVI : Components of Indian valerian root oil. C.S. Narayanan, K.S. Kulkarni, A.S. Vaidya, S. Kanthamani, G.Lakshmi Kumari, B.V. Bapat, S.K. Paknikar, S.N. Kulkarni, G.R. Kelkar, S.C. Bhattacharyya, Tetrahedron Vol.20 (4) 963-968 (1964)]

„The volatile constituents isolated from roots and rhizomes of Valeriana wallichii DC. ( = V. jatamansi Jones) were investigated by GC and GC–MS (EI and NICI) analysis. The plant material was obtained from different sources, namely from a local market in Kathmandu (Nepal), from plants grown in The Netherlands and in Germany, and from commercially available material from several German importers. The various roots and rhizomes yielded between 0.09 and 1.30% (v/w) essential oil on a dry weight basis. The main constituents of the oils from the plants grown in Europe were an unidentified sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, α-santalene, ar-curcumene and xanthorrhizol. In the oils from the Nepalese material and from the commercially available roots, except in one sample, patchouli alcohol was the main component.“
[Composition of the Essential Oil from Roots and Rhizomes of Valeriana wallichii DC., Rein Bos, Herman J. Woerdenbag, Henk Hendriks, H. Friso Smit, Håkan V. Wikström and Johannes J. C. Scheffer, Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 1997, Vol.12 (2) 123–131]

„The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation from the N. jatamansi roots, collected from local market. The yield of oil was 0.245%. The gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric analysis revealed the presence of 26 compounds, out of which 10 principal components were, identified. It was recorded that ledene oxide[II] (13.021%), and sesquiterpine alcohol patchouli alcohol (9.582%) were major component of the oil. [-]-spathulenol (2.672%), globulol (1.876%), 4-[3,3-dimethyl-but-1-ynyl]-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enone (1.849%), magastigma-4,6[E], 8[Z]-triene (1.015%), aristolene(0.997%), β-vatirenene (0.932%), were present in considerable quantity.“ [Essays, UK. (November 2013). Volatile Constituents Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activities Biology Essay. Retrieved from http://www.ukessays.com/essays/biology/volatile-constituents-antibacterial-and-antioxidant-activities-biology-essay.php?cref=1]