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Myrtaceae - syn. Caryophyllus aromaticus L., Eugenia aromatica (L.) Baill., Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb., Jambosa caryophyllus (Sprengel) Niedenzu; cloves, Gewürznelkenbaum
Evergreen tree of Southeast Asia, cultivated in Southeast Asia, Zanzibar, Pemba and Madagascar. Up to 10-12m high, leaves elliptic-oblong, flowers with 4 white petals, turning pink. „The flower buds initially have a pale hue, gradually turn green, then transition to a bright red when ready for harvest. Cloves are harvested at 1.5–2.0 cm long, and consist of a long calyx that terminates in four spreading sepals, and four unopened petals that form a small central ball.“ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clove
Essential oil is made from flower buds, but leave and stem oil also contain eugenol and β–caryophyllene, but only about 1% eugenyl acetate. α-caryophyllene (humulene) is also present in the oil of all parts (bud 0.3-1.0%, leaf 1.3-2.1%, stem 0.2-1.3%)
„Clove bud oil (39 samples from Madagascar and 6 from Indonesia) were analyzed by GC and 10 constituents were identified and quantified. The major constituents of Madagascar and Indonesia bud oils were eugenol (77.50 and 79.87% respectively) and β–caryophyllene (4.06 and 6.91% respectively). Out of these two constituents which were common to Madagascar and Indonesia bud oil, significant difference was observed with respect to eugenyl acetate (16.01 vs 9.56% respectively).“ [Razafimamonjison, G., et al. „Bud, leaf and stem essential oil composition of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) from Indonesia, Madagascar and Zanzibar.“] http://afs4food.cirad.fr/content/download/4416/33602/version/1/file/Razafimamonjison,+essential+oil+of+clove+from+Indonesia,+Madagascar+and+Zanzibar..pdf
