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Syringa vulgaris L. - Oleaceae - common lilac, European lilac, Gemeiner Flieder
Deciduous shrub, 2-10m tall, native to Southeast Europe, cultivated since ancient times, now distributed all over the termperate zones; leaves entire, oval, subcordate, 5-10 cm long; flowers scented, corolla tube narrowly cylindric, lilac, white, azure, or red; fruit a smooth brown capsule. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=220013210
The bark of S.vulgaris contains syringin, the „peculiarly disgusting, more sweet than bitter and scratching“ tasting glucoside of sinapyl alcohol (precursor to lignin or lignans), first isolated by Meillet in 1841.
[Ueber das Syringin., Bernays F.J., Pharmaceutisches Central Blatt, Vol.12, 1841, 938–939]
„The floral aroma of S. vulgaris variginata consists largely of aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, and p-anisaldehyde), an aromatic alcohol (2-phenylethyl alcohol), an aromatic ether (benzyl methyl ether), monoterpene aldehydes (lilac aldehyde and its isomer), monoterpene alcohols
(linalool, lilac alcohol and its isomer), an oxygenated monoterpene (1,8-cineole), monoterpene hydrocarbons (α-pinene and 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene), a sesquiterpene (α-farnesene), and a nitrogen-containing compound (indole). Eighteen compounds were identified, especially α-pinene, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, linalool, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, lilac aldehyde isomers, lilac alcohol isomers, indole, and α-farnesene
were found as the characteristic components of pale purple and white colors of S. vulgaris variginata.
Lilac aldehydes [diastereomer of 2-(1-formyl)ethyl-5-methyl-5-vinyl tetrahydrofuran] and lilac alcohols [diastereomer of 2-(1 -hydroxymethyl)ethyl-5-methyl-5-vinyl tetrahydrofuran] could be specified as the characteristic monoterpenes in S. vulgaris L. flowers with a desirable influence on the lilac fragrance quality. It was already reported that the metabolism of linalool and linalool derivatives can lead to the formation of lilac alcohols. In S. vulgaris only four out of all eight lilac aldehydes as well as alcohols were found [30]. Lilac aldehyde is of special interest for pollinators. It is emitted in high amounts,
especially in nocturnal plant species, and it is known to be highly attractive to the nocturnal moth species. In pale purple and white colors of S. vulgaris variginata, lilac aldehydes (7.2% and 42.5%), lilac alcohols (17.8% and 13.5%) were found as characteristic components, respectively.“
[Rapid determination of floral aroma compounds of lilac blossom by fast gas chromatography combined with surface acoustic wave sensor., Se Yeon Oh, Hyun Du Shin, Sung Jean Kim, Jongki Hong, Journal of Chromatography A, Vol.1183, 2008, 170–178]
Lilac flowers emitted (ng/min) mainly (E)-β-ocimene (117), 1,4-dimethoxy benzene (80), and lilac aldehyde A (17), accompanied by benzaldehyde (13), benzyl methyl ether (13), (Z)-β-ocimene (11), lilac alcohols (9), acetophenone (4), (S)-(+)-linalool (5), lilac aldehyde B (3), estragole (3), 4-methylanisole (1), benzyl alcohol (2) and traces of phenylacetaldehyde.
[Floral to green: mating switches moth olfactory coding and preference. Saveer, Ahmed M., et al., Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (2012): rspb20112710.]
http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2012/02/01/rspb.2011.2710.full.html
Syringa vulgaris L. as Lilac vulgaris (L.) Lam.
Duhamel du Monceau,H.L., Traité des arbres et arbustes, Nouvelle édition [Nouveau Duhamel], vol.2, t.61 (1804) [P.J.Redouté]
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=991858
