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Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib et Hartwich - Styracaceae - Siam Benzoin, Siam-Benzoeharzbaum
Tree 6-30 m tall, native to Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, China); bark dark gray; leaves alternate, leaf blade elliptic to ovate, margin entire or apically serrate; flowers 1.2-2.5 cm, white.
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200017762
The resin of various species of Styrax trees (Styracaceae) is called benzoin. Main producing species is Styrax tonkinensis, while Styrax benzoin is a minor one. Benzoin of S.tonkinensis is commercially known as 'Siam benzoin', as it was traded through the kingdom of Siam, present Thailand. Historical data from China suggest that it was first exploited and traded from North Sumatra (8th-9th century). Later (12th century) it also came from continental South-East Asia. The word benzoin derive from the Arabic lubanjawi, frankincense of Sumatra (The first Arab travellers called both Java and Sumatra 'Jawa').
[Experiences in benzoin resin production in Sumatra, Indonesia. Katz, E., Goloubinoff, M., Ruiz Perez, M., Michon, G., in: Mugah, J.O., Chikamai, B.N., Mbiru, S.S., Casadei, E.: Conservation, management and utilization of plant gums, resins and essential oils. (Nairobi 1997), 1998, 56-66] http://www.fao.org/3/a-x0098e.pdf#page=62
The volatile extract of Siam benzoin gum contained mainly benzyl benzoate (76-80%) and benzoic acid (12.5%), with some methyl benzoate (1.5%) and allyl benzoate (1.5%).
[Volatile constituents of benzoin gums: Siam and Sumatra. Part 1. Fernandez, X., Lizzani‐Cuvelier, L., Loiseau, A. M., Périchet, C., Delbecque, C., Flavour and fragrance journal, Vol.18(4), 2003, 328-333]
Siam benzoin found (HPLC) composed mainly of coniferyl benzoate. Minor components were benzoic acid, isovanillin, lubanol, and p-coumaryl benzoate (but no free cinnamic acid).
[Analytical investigation of styrax and benzoin balsams by HPLC-PAD-fluorimetry and GC-MS., Hovaneissian, M., Archier, P., Mathe, C., Culioli, G., Vieillescazes, C., Phytochemical Analysis, 19(4), 2008, 301-310]
Styrax tonkinensis photo by Douglas Justice, Curator of Collections, David C. Lam Asian Garden, UBC Botanical Garden
http://botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2010/08/styrax_tonkinensis.php