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Styrax benzoin Dryand. - Styracaceae - Sumatra benzointree, Sumatra Benzoeharzbaum

Shrub or small tree, up to 12m high, native to Sumatra, Malaya and Java, introduced into West Africa.
http://plants.jstor.org/upwta/5_303

Benzoin resin is used as a fixative, slowing the dispersion of essential oils and other fragrance materials into the air, also in cosmetics, veterinary medicine, and scented candles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoin_resin

„Since the 15th or 16th century compound tincture of benzoin has been used extensively to treat wounds, ulcers, fissures of the nipples, lips and anus, and similar conditions. For these purposes, the tincture was, and is, used as a balsam under different names (Balsam Traumatic, “baume de commandeur) and was incorporated in plasters (court plaster)… Within a relatively short period of time, three cases of acute dermatitis were observed from compound tincture of benzoin used in combination with adhesive tape dressings… An analysis of more detailed patch tests and their correlation with the constituents of compound tincture of benzoin and other balsams makes it appear probable that volatile oils and/or resins might be responsible for the dermatitis… Compound tincture of benzoin and its constituents should not be used on the skin of patients with an allergic disease or a history of allergy.“
[Investigation of Contact-type Dermatitis Due to Compound Tincture of Benzoin. Steiner, Karl, and William Leifer, Journal of Investigative Dermatology Vol.13.6, 1949, 351-359] http://www.nature.com/jid/journal/v13/n6/full/jid1949109a.html

„The volatile extract composition of two different benzoin gums, Siam and Sumatra, were analysed by GC–MS. Twenty components representing more than 99.1% of the oil from Siam and 29 components representing more than 97.4% of the oil from Sumatra were analysed. The major components were benzyl benzoate (76.1-80.1%) for the two oils and benzoic acid (12.5%), methyl benzoate (1.5%) and allyl benzoate (1.5%) for Siam, and styrene (2.3%), cinnamic acid (3.5%) and benzyl cinnamate (3.3%) for Sumatra. Volatile compounds of oils and crushed benzoins were also studied using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) employing carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane and carbowax/divinylbenzene fibres.“
[Volatile constituents of benzoin gums: Siam and Sumatra. Part 1. Fernandez, X., Lizzani‐Cuvelier, L., Loiseau, A. M., Périchet, C., Delbecque, C., Flavour and fragrance journal, Vol.18(4), 2003, 328-333]

Sumatra resin can be produced from S.benzoin and/or S.paralleloneurum. It is composed of styrene, isovanillin, a large quantity of free cinnamic acid, p-coumaryl cinnamate, and traces of both free benzoic acid and p-coumaryl benzoate. S.paralleloneurum balsam contain more cinnamates than S.benzoin, and among these, p-coumaryl cinnamate is predominant.
[Analytical investigation of styrax and benzoin balsams by HPLC-PAD-fluorimetry and GC-MS., Hovaneissian, M., Archier, P., Mathe, C., Culioli, G., Vieillescazes, C., Phytochemical Analysis, 19(4), 2008, 301-310]

Kohl, F.G., Die officinellen Pflanzen der Pharmacopoea Germanica, t.116 (1891-1895)
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=986332