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Salvia divinorum Epling & Játiva - Lamiaceae - divining sage, salvia of the seers, Pipiltzinttzintli, Hojas de las Pastora, Azteken-Salbei, Salbei der Seher
Perennila herb, up to 1.50m tall, native to Mexico.
„The diterpene salvinorin A from Salvia divinorum has recently been reported to be a high-affinity and selective κ-opioid receptor agonist (Roth et al., 2002). Salvinorin A and selected derivatives were found to be potent and efficacious agonists in several measures of agonist activity using cloned human κ-opioid receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney-293 cells. Thus, salvinorin A, salvinorinyl-2-propionate, and salvinorinyl-2-heptanoate were found to be either full (salvinorin A) or partial (2-propionate, 2-heptanoate) agonists for inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production… Salvinorin A was found to be a full agonist, being significantly more efficacious than (trans)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl] benzeneacetamide methane-sulfonate hydrate (U50488) or (trans)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl] benzeneacetamide methane-sulfonate hydrate (U69593) (two standard κ-opioid agonists) and similar in efficacy to dynorphin A (the naturally occurring peptide ligand for κ-opioid receptors). Salvinorin A thus represents the first known naturally occurring non-nitrogenous full agonist at κ-opioid receptors.“
[Salvinorin A, an active component of the hallucinogenic sage Salvia divinorum is a highly efficacious κ-opioid receptor agonist: structural and functional considerations., Chavkin, C., Sud, S., Jin, W., Stewart, J., Zjawiony, J.K., Siebert, D.J., Roth, B.L., Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 308(3), 2004, 1197-1203]