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Rumex crispus L. - Polygonaceae - yellow dock, curled dock, curly dock, Krauser Ampfer
Perennial herb, up to 1m high, widely native or naturalized; leaves lanceolate to lanceolate-linear, base cuneate, truncate, or weakly cordate, margins strongly crisped and undulate; flowers 10-25 in whorls, greenish; achenes usually reddish brown. „Rumex crispus hybridizes with many other species of subg. Rumex. Hybrids with R. obtusifolius (Rumex ×pratensis Mertens & Koch) are the most common in the genus, at least in Europe, and have been reported for several localities in North America.“ http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200006746
„It can be used as a wild leaf vegetable; the young leaves should be boiled in several changes of water to remove as much of the oxalic acid in the leaves as possible or can be added directly to salads in moderate amounts.“ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumex_crispus
The Rumex species belong to the emodin drugs that cause mild laxation due to stimulation of the colon activity.
[Lehrbuch der Biologischen Heilmittel, Gerhard Madaus, 1938] http://henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/madaus/rumex.html
„Anthraquinone glycoside amount of R.crispus has given for underground part 0.52% and for aerial part 0.44% (Sener et al., 1987)… The highest anthraquinone glycoside content was established in the roots of R.crispus during vegetation stages (0.35-0.91%) while the stem from 0.03-0.46%, leaves 0.05-0.40% and the fruits 0.08-0.34% reached. It is evident from the data, that all parts of plant showed the highest anthraquinone glycoside content in August… Rumex crispus contained not only emodin, chrysophanol and physcion glycoside but also aloe-emodin glycoside.“
[Concentrations of anthraquinone glycosides of Rumex crispus during different vegetation stages., Demirezer, L.Ö., Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 49(7-8), 1994, 404-406] http://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/znc.1994.49.issue-7-8/znc-1994-7-802/znc-1994-7-802.xml
Tannin content (% of dry weight) obtained from Rumex crispus were: roots (19.3%), leaves (4.6%), and fruits (4.8%).
[Antiradical properties of extracts from roots, leaves and fruits of six Rumex L. species., Wegiera, M., Grabarczyk, P., Baraniak, B., Smolarz, H., Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 53(1), 2011, 125-131] http://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/abcsb.2011.53.issue-1/v10182-011-0018-z/v10182-011-0018-z.xml
Sturm, J., Krause, E.H.L., Lutz, K.G., Flora von Deutschland in Abbildungen nach der Natur, Zweite Aufl., vol.4 t.52, (1905)
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=894000