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rosa_indica_fragrans_hybrids [2021/01/15 10:10]
andreas |
rosa_indica_fragrans_hybrids [2021/08/01 20:06] (aktuell)
andreas |
| "Crossing Chinese roses with European varieties of roses in the 19th century, the first "modern" roses - the hybrid tea roses - have been developed." [[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teerose_%28Rose%29]] | "Crossing Chinese roses with European varieties of roses in the 19th century, the first "modern" roses - the hybrid tea roses - have been developed." [[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teerose_%28Rose%29]] |
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| The comparative headspace analysis of flowers of a delicately scented yellow tea rose revealed an interesting difference between the living and picked flowers (living/picked): (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (20.7/5.4%), hexyl acetate (8.4/4.3%), phenylethanol (5.7/3.3%), phenylethyl acetate (5.5/1.5%), 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (10.0/18.6%), α-elemene (0/4.1%), geranylacetone (2.2/0%), dihydro-β-ionol (0/2.6%), β-caryophyllene (0.3/2.1%), α-farnesene (5.8/3.0%). \\ | The comparative headspace analysis of flowers of a delicately scented yellow tea rose revealed interesting differences between living and picked flowers (living/picked): (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (20.7/5.4%), hexyl acetate (8.4/4.3%), phenylethanol (5.7/3.3%), phenylethyl acetate (5.5/1.5%), 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (10.0/18.6%), α-elemene (0/4.1%), geranylacetone (2.2/0%), dihydro-β-ionol (0/2.6%), β-caryophyllene (0.3/2.1%), α-farnesene (5.8/3.0%). \\ |
| [The chemistry of flowers, fruits and spices: live vs. dead-a new dimension in fragrance research., Mookherjee, B.D., Trenkle, R.W., Wilson, R.A., Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol.62(7), 1990, 1357-1364] [[http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1990/pdf/6207x1357.pdf]] | [The chemistry of flowers, fruits and spices: live vs. dead-a new dimension in fragrance research., Mookherjee, B.D., Trenkle, R.W., Wilson, R.A., Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol.62(7), 1990, 1357-1364] [[http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1990/pdf/6207x1357.pdf]] |
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| The pink to bright-red coloured Floribunda grandiflora hybrid 'Queen Elizabeth' (Lammerts, USA, 1954, teahybrid 'Charlotte Armstrong' x 'Floradora') shows its ancestry with 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT, 50.3%) in the headspace. The blossoms give off very unusual fruity-raspberry-like scent with dihydro-β-ionone (17.3%), dihydro-β-ionol (3.4%), theaspiranes (16.8%), (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (1.1%), and 4-vinylanisole (1.9%). \\ | The pink to bright-red coloured Floribunda grandiflora hybrid //'Queen Elizabeth'// (Lammerts, USA, 1954, teahybrid 'Charlotte Armstrong' x 'Floradora') shows its ancestry with 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT, 50.3%) in the headspace. The blossoms give off a very unusual fruity-raspberry-like scent with dihydro-β-ionone (17.3%), dihydro-β-ionol (3.4%), theaspiranes (16.8%), (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (1.1%), and 4-vinylanisole (1.9%). \\ |
| [Brunke, Ernst‐Joachim, Franz‐Josef Hammerschmidt, and Gerhard Schmaus. "Scent of roses–recent results." Flavour and fragrance journal 7.4 (1992): 195-198] | [Brunke, Ernst‐Joachim, Franz‐Josef Hammerschmidt, and Gerhard Schmaus. "Scent of roses–recent results." Flavour and fragrance journal 7.4 (1992): 195-198] |
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| In the case of the hybrid tea rose 'Fragrant Cloud' ([[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duftwolke|'Duftwolke']], 'Nuage Perfume', 'Tanellis') it has been shown that emitted amounts of volatiles of uncut or cut flowers may be the same, with identical rhythm of individual components. This rose emitted (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (max. 12% of total volatiles), n-hexyl acetate (max. 2.2%) and (Z)-2-hexenyl acetate (max. 4.6%) with peak output between 8-12 a.m., and on the other side, citronellol (10%) after noon till night. Geraniol had peaks at 8 a.m. in the morning and at noon (8%). \\ | Main components of the headspace of flowers of the beautiful hybrid tea rose //‚Baronne E. De Rothschild’// (purple-Solferino petals with a silvery reflection on the underside), collected on Tenax, were esters (91.1%), with large amounts of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (45.1%) and hexyl acetate (32.9%). \\ |
| | //,Sutters Gold‘// (with copper yellow petals veined by orange and carmine) is characterized by an oriental rose scent with fruity (cherry) and cognac undertones. The dominating esters (75.5%) included (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (23.7%), hexyl acetate (26.8%), phenylethyl acetate (16.3%), and geranyl acetate (4.2%). Orcinyl dimethylether (3,5-dimethoxytoluene; DMT; 14.2%) was distinctly present, together with phenylethanol (3.2%), nerol (2.8%), citronellol (1.8%), and also the rose oxides (0.18%). \\ |
| | //'Meispola'// ('Yonina') is a variety of hybrid tea rose with distinctive elegant double pure white blossoms having a delicate fragrance. Main group of components were esters (55.8%), like (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (26.5%), hexyl acetate (26.2%), and geranyl acetate (2.1%), alongside 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT; 29.0%) and citronellol (5%). \\ |
| | The hybrid tea rose //'Fragrant Cloud'// ([[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duftwolke|'Duftwolke']], 'Fragrant Cloud'), showed also esters esters (48.8%) as the most abundant components, like phenylethyl acetate (19.3%), hexyl acetate (12.3%), (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (9.7%), and citronellyl acetate (7.1%). Olfactorly interesting compounds were also phenylethanol (14.8%), citronellol (5.8%), p-vinyl anisole (11.0%), β-ionone (0.7%), rose oxides (0.2%), and estragol (0.1%). \\ |
| | //'Jardins de Bagatelle'// ('Meimafris'; 'Karl Heinz Hanisch'; creamy white petals with pink undertones) owns a typical rosy-lemon-like scent with β-caryophyllene (16.2%), hexyl acetate (15.5%), (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (14.0%), DMT (9.6%), and rose oxide (0.5%). "This rose is the champion of β-ionone-containing roses with a level of 5.7%." \\ |
| | There are varieties of hybrid tea roses which contain more than 40% of DMT ('aromatic ether type'): \\ //'Sylvia'// ([[https://www.helpmefind.com/rose/l.php?l=2.16733.2|W.Kordes]]) had DMT (67.3%) together with anisole (0.1%), p-vinylanisole (1.1%), β-ionone (2.7%), rose oxides (0.5%), nonanal (0.9%), and decanal (0.9%). \\ |
| | //'Youki San'// ('Meidonq') showed DMT (55.8%), anisole (1.4%), p-vinylanisole (0.6%), together with hexyl acetate (3.3%), (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (1.6%), and a tpiycal scent derived from phenylacetaldehyde (1%). \\ |
| | //'Papa Meilland'// is a dark velvet red tea hybrid rose with a lemon peel note added to the typical classical rose scent. Aromatic ethers present are DMT (40.3%), accompanied by benzyl methyl ether (2.7%), and p-vinylanisole (1.6%). Other major components were citronellol (29.4%), phenylethanol (1.8%), hexyl acetate (12.6%), citronellyl acetate (3.1%), rose oxides (1.5%), and β-caryophyllene (1.0%). \\ |
| | [Flament, I., C. Debonneville, and A. Furrer. „Volatile constituents of roses: characterization of cultivars based on the headspace analysis of living flower emissions.“ chapter in: Volatile compounds from Flowers, Teranishi, R.;Buttery, R. G.;Sugisawa, H. Bioactive volatile compounds from plants. (Book) 1993, 269-281] |
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| | In the case of the hybrid tea rose 'Fragrant Cloud' ('Nuage Perfume', 'Tanellis') it has been shown that emitted amounts of volatiles of uncut or cut flowers may be the same, with identical rhythm of individual components. This rose emitted (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (max. 12% of total volatiles), n-hexyl acetate (max. 2.2%) and (Z)-2-hexenyl acetate (max. 4.6%) with peak output between 8-12 a.m., and on the other side, citronellol (10%) after noon till night. Geraniol had peaks at 8 a.m. in the morning and at noon (8%). \\ |
| [Trapping, Investigation and Reconstitution of Flower Scents, Roman Kaiser, in: Müller, P.M., and Lamparsky, D. eds. Perfumes: Art, Science and Technology. Springer Science & Business Media, Dordrecht 1994, 213-250] | [Trapping, Investigation and Reconstitution of Flower Scents, Roman Kaiser, in: Müller, P.M., and Lamparsky, D. eds. Perfumes: Art, Science and Technology. Springer Science & Business Media, Dordrecht 1994, 213-250] |
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| Many modern garden roses are hybrids of Rosa gigantea and Rosa chinensis, both rich in carotenoid-derived scent components like β-ionone, dihydro-β-ionone, corresponding alcohols and spiro-compounds like the theaspiranes. A typical example is the famous yellow old garden rose 'Marechal Niel', which scent is dominated by carotenoid metabolites (ionones, theaspiranes) and by 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT). \\ "3,5-Dimethoxytoluene and its frequent companion 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene are clear markers indicating Rosa gigantea and R.chinensis in the scents of modern roses." \\ | |{{:3.5dimethoxytoluene.jpg| 3,5-dimethoxytoluene }} \\ 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT) \\ //(tea-like)//|{{:ionone_beta.jpg| β-ionone}} \\ β-ionone \\ //(woody sweet)// | {{:theaspirane.jpg| theaspirane}} \\ theaspirane A/B \\ //(fruity cassis)// |{{:phenylethylacetate.jpg|2-phenylethyl acetate}} \\ 2-phenylethyl acetate \\ //(sweet rose honey)// | |
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| | Many modern garden roses are hybrids of Rosa gigantea and Rosa chinensis, both rich in carotenoid-derived scent components like β-ionone, dihydro-β-ionone, corresponding alcohols and spiro-compounds like the theaspiranes. A typical example is the famous yellow old garden rose //'Marechal Niel'//, which scent is dominated by carotenoid metabolites (ionones, theaspiranes) and by 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT). \\ "3,5-Dimethoxytoluene and its frequent companion 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene are clear markers indicating Rosa gigantea and R.chinensis in the scents of modern roses." \\ |
| Headspace of hybrid tea rose cultivars analysed by R.Kaiser: \\ | Headspace of hybrid tea rose cultivars analysed by R.Kaiser: \\ |
| Marechal Niel (DMT 11,5%, β-ionone 3.9%, dihydro-β-ionone 3.9%, theaspirane A/B 0.6%) \\ | Marechal Niel (DMT 11,5%, β-ionone 3.9%, dihydro-β-ionone 3.9%, theaspirane A/B 0.6%) \\ |
| Fragrant Cloud (DMT, theaspirane A/B, cyclic β-ionone, dihydro-β-ionone, β-ionone, dihydro-β-ionol) \\ | Fragrant Cloud (DMT, theaspirane A/B, cyclic β-ionone, dihydro-β-ionone, β-ionone, dihydro-β-ionol) \\ |
| [Meaningful Scents around the World, Roman Kaiser, Zürich 2006, 159-164 and 256-259] | [Meaningful Scents around the World, Roman Kaiser, Zürich 2006, 159-164 and 256-259] |
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| |{{:3.5dimethoxytoluene.jpg| 3,5-dimethoxytoluene }} \\ 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT) \\ //(tea-like)//|{{:ionone_beta.jpg| β-ionone}} \\ β-ionone \\ //(woody sweet)// | {{:theaspirane.jpg| theaspirane}} \\ theaspirane A/B \\ //(fruity cassis)// |{{:phenylethylacetate.jpg|2-phenylethyl acetate}} \\ 2-phenylethyl acetate \\ //(sweet rose honey)// | | |
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| "Orcinol O-methyltransferase (OOMT) 1 and 2 catalyze the last two steps of the biosynthetic pathway leading to the phenolic methyl ether 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT), the major scent compound of many rose (Rosa x hybrida) varieties. \\ | "Orcinol O-methyltransferase (OOMT) 1 and 2 catalyze the last two steps of the biosynthetic pathway leading to the phenolic methyl ether 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT), the major scent compound of many rose (Rosa x hybrida) varieties. \\ |
