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--- pulmonaria_officinalis_l [2015/04/19 10:58]
andreas
+++ pulmonaria_officinalis_l [2018/04/09 16:00] (aktuell)
andreas
@@ Zeile 4: / Zeile 4: @@
 The leaves (Pulmonariae herba) were mainly used in folk medicine as expectorant, sometimes in cases of ailments of the gastrointestinal and urinary tract. \\
-"It is intresting to note that the herb was used against lung diseases in former times, because the spotted leaves resemble diseased lungs ("doctrine of signatures")... It has been suggested that Pulmonaria, like other Boraginaceae (See Borago, Symphytum), may contain potentially toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. In careful screening of plant material from different localities, no pyrrolizidine alkaloids could be detected." \\
+"It is interesting to note that the herb was used against lung diseases in former times, because the spotted leaves resemble diseased lungs ("doctrine of signatures")... It has been suggested that Pulmonaria, like other Boraginaceae (See Borago, Symphytum), may contain potentially toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. In careful screening of plant material from different localities, no pyrrolizidine alkaloids could be detected." \\
 [Medicinal Plants of the World. Ben-Erik Van Wyk and Michael Wink, Pretoria 2004, 261]
@@ Zeile 10: / Zeile 10: @@
 [Selective sequestration of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from diverse host plants by Longitarsus flea beetles., Dobler, S., Haberer, W., Witte, L., Hartmann, T., Journal of Chemical Ecology, Vol.26(5), 2000, 1281-1298]
-{{:pulsatilla_sw.jpg?500}} \\
+Total phenols in herbal tea of P.officinalis were very high at 673 µM QE (quercetin equivalents). Determination of antioxidant properties by the Trolox equivalent assay showed a value 0f 2.02 mM for the tea (with TEAC values of Ilex paraguariensis 3.5, Camellia sinensis black tea 3.9, green tea 5.9). \\
+[Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of Bulgarian medicinal plants., Ivanova, D., Gerova, D., Chervenkov, T., Yankova, T., Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol.96(1), 2005, 145-150]
+P.officinalis contains 13-15% mineral substances, therof silicic acid up to 2.5%; catecholtannins up to 4%, gallotannins up to 2%; flavonoids (O-glycosides of kaempferol and quercetin); and mucilage forming fructanes and polysaccharides. \\
+[Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Springer 2010]
+{{:pulmonaria_sw.jpg?600}} \\
 Auerswald, B.A., Roßmäßler, E.A., Botanische Unterhaltungen zum Verständniß der heimathlichen Flora, p.38, t.6 (1858) \\
 [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=854403]]
-{{:pulsatilla.jpg?700}}
+{{:pulmonaria.jpg}} \\
+Pulmonaria officinalis, [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]], Author: Andreas Kraska

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