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Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. - Parmeliaceae - tree moss, Bandflechte
„… a lichenized species of fungus that grows on the bark of firs and pines… Large amounts of tree moss (approximately 1900 tons in 1997) are processed in Grasse, France for the perfume industry.“ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudevernia_furfuracea
„Atranorin (1), physodic acid (2), oxyphysodic acid (3) and virensic (4) acid were identified in P. furfuracea, a lichen species collected in West Tatra. According to HPLC analysis contents of these metabolites in dried material was 0.11-0.19% (1), 1.46-3.78% (2), 1.69 to 3.44% (3), 1.14-1.46% (4). Atranorin was the strongest inhibitor of trypsin as well as of the porcine pancreatic elastase.“
[Metabolites of Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. and their inhibition potential of proteolytic enzymes., Proksa, B., Adamcova, J., Sturdikova, M., Fuska, J., Die Pharmazie, 49(4), 1994, 282-283]
„In principle, so-called treemoss extracts are mostly manufactured from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf., a lichen which is particularly common on coniferous trees, mainly pine, and cedar trees. Four chemical races of P. furfuracea have been defined: one contains mainly physodic acid, a second physodic and olivetoric acids, a third olivetoric acid and the last one physodic, olivetoric and oxyphysodic acids…
When standard treemoss is collected on pine trees in the Massif Central, France, it is usually made of 40–70% by weight of components (wood, bark, twigs, needles, etc.) harvested from the tree itself. In some cases, this
proportion can even reach 80%…
The content of defined lichen compounds in P. furfuracea has only rarely been measured. In most cases, the preferred analytical technique is HPLC. For example, atranorin, physodic acid, hydroxyphysodic acid and virensic acid are claimed to represent 0.11–0.19%, 1.46–3.78%, 1.69–3.44% and 1.14–1.46%, respectively, in dried lichen from Slovakia. For the same reasons that have been discussed previously in the case of oakmoss, quantitative data on the composition of industrial resinoids and other extracts of P. furfuracea are even more scarce. For example, a commercial treemoss absolute oil was found to contain 8.7% methyl β-orcinolcarboxylate, 0.4% ethyl haematommate, 0.3% ethyl chlorohaematommate and 0.3% atranorin.“
[Lichen extracts as raw materials in perfumery. Part 2: treemoss., Joulain, D., Tabacchi, R., Flavour and fragrance journal, 24(3), 2009, 105-116]
Pseudevernia furfuracea, Alps (Austria), © free, Author: Untilone
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pseudevernia_furfuracea?uselang=de#/media/File:Pseudevernia_furfuracea.JPG