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--- piper_betle_l [2014/09/13 12:55]
andreas
+++ piper_betle_l [2021/04/03 09:06] (aktuell)
andreas
@@ Zeile 3: / Zeile 3: @@
 Dioecious climbing shrub, to 5m high; native in tropical South East Asia, cultivated in Asia, India, East Africa; \\
-leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong; spikes leaf-opposed. Male spikes nearly as long as leaf blades at anthesis; drupes fused to form terete, fleshy, reddish, compound fruit, apices tomentose, prominent.
+leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong; spikes leaf-opposed, male spikes nearly as long as leaf blades at anthesis; drupes fused to form terete, fleshy, reddish, compound fruit, apices tomentose, prominent.
 [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005554]]
-"Betel leaves are used as a stimulant, an antiseptic and a breath-freshener... \\
+"Betel leaves are used as a stimulant, an antiseptic and a breath-freshener... An extensive ca. 2004 research monograph by the World Health Organization, reports that betel leaf is consumed, in southeast Asian community worldwide, predominantly as a betel quid (synonymous with pan or paan). The betel quid contains betel leaf, areca nut and slaked lime, and may contain tobacco..." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel]]
-An extensive ca. 2004 research monograph by the World Health Organization, reports that betel leaf is consumed, in southeast Asian community worldwide, predominantly as a betel quid (synonymous with pan or paan). The betel quid contains betel leaf, areca nut and slaked lime, and may contain tobacco." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel]]
 "Five polyphenols with significant fungicidal and nematocidal acivity are isolated from the chloroform extract of leaves of Piper betle L. (Piperaceae). The compounds are identifeid as chavicol, chavibetol, allylpyrocatechol, chavibetol acetate and allylpyrocatechol diacetate." \\
 [Identification of fungicidal and nematocidal components in the leaves of Piper betle (Piperaceae). Evans, P. H., Bowers, W. S., Funk, E. J., Journal of Agricultural and Food chemistry, Vol.32(6), 1984, 1254-1256]
-"The constituents of the essential oil of Piper betle L. served as determinants to distinguish betelvine cultivars. Eugenol was found to be the major and common compound amongst the cultivars, being dominant in “Bangla” (64%). 1,3-Benzodioxole (5)-2-propenyl was maximum in cv. “Desawari” (45%). cv. “Meetha” can be distinguished from others due to the presence of anethole (19.31%) and cis-caryophyllene. Amongst the five cultivars studied, “Kapoori” appeared to be a distinct genotype as marked by large number of specific molecules such as α-thujene, trans β-ocimene, terpinolene, allo ocimene, Δcadinene, terpinen-l-ol, α-costol, Δ-cadinol, methyl-2-hexadecan-l-ol, geraniol, hexadeconic acid, methyl benzoate etc. “Sanchi” is marked by the presence of stearaldehyde which is absent in other cultivars." \\
+"The constituents of the essential oil of Piper betle L. served as determinants to distinguish betelvine cultivars. Eugenol was found to be the major and common compound amongst the cultivars, being dominant in “Bangla” (64%). 1,3-Benzodioxole (5)-2-propenyl [safrole] was maximum in cv. “Desawari” (45%). cv. “Meetha” can be distinguished from others due to the presence of anethole (19.31%) and cis-caryophyllene. Amongst the five cultivars studied, “Kapoori” appeared to be a distinct genotype as marked by large number of specific molecules such as α-thujene, trans β-ocimene, terpinolene, allo ocimene, δ-cadinene, terpinen-1-ol, α-costol, δ-cadinol, methyl-2-hexadecan-1-ol, geraniol, hexadeconic acid, methyl benzoate etc. “Sanchi” is marked by the presence of stearaldehyde which is absent in other cultivars." \\
 [Essential oil components as markers for identification of //Piper betle// L. cultivars. Rawat, A. K. S., Tripathi, R. D., Khan, A. J., Balasubrahmanyam, V. R., Biochemical systematics and ecology, Vol.17(1), 1989, 35-38]
@@ Zeile 21: / Zeile 20: @@
 [Efficacy of chemically characterized //Piper betle// L. essential oil against fungal and aflatoxin contamination of some edible commodities and its antioxidant activity. Prakash, B., Shukla, R., Singh, P., Kumar, A., Mishra, P. K., Dubey, N. K., International journal of food microbiology, Vol.142(1), 2010, 114-119]
-{{http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Piper_betle_Blanco1.12.jpg/640px-Piper_betle_Blanco1.12.jpg}}
+{{:piper_betle.jpg?600}} \\
+The journal of the Linnean society, Botany, vol.41, t.17 (1913) [K.R.Tilak] \\
+[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=795902]]

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