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Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. - syn.Picea excelsa Link - Pinaceae - Norway spruce, Gemeine Fichte, Rotfichte
Evergreen coniferous tree, up to 40m tall, native in Europe, widely planted as ornamental and for use as a Christmas tree; leaves 4-sided needles, every side green, flexible, parting at the undersite of the twig
Picea abies (L.) Karsten:Abies excelsa Lam. et DC., Picea vulgaris Link, Abies picea Miller:Pinaceae:Norway Spruce:European Spruce, Christmas Tree:Gemeine Fichte:Fichte, Rottanne:False:True:False:North and Central Europe::North and Central Europe: :coniferous tree, up to 50m high; :
Main compounds released from one-year-old needles and twiglets of a 6-7 year old tree were monoterpenes: α-pinene and β-pinene along with limonene.
[Comparison monoterpene volatilization and leaf-oil composition of conifers. Schindler, T., Kotzias, D., Naturwissenschaften, Vol.76(10), 1989, 475-476]
α-pinene, camphene, myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cineole and bornyl acetate made up 70% of the total terpene content of the needles of P.abies. Terpene production has a maximum in Summer and is considerably lower in spring than in autumn.
[Patterns of monoterpenes stored in the needles of Picea abies (L.) Karst. from several locations in mountainous regions of southern Germany., Schönwitz, R., Kloos, M., Merk, L., & Ziegler, H., Trees, vol.4(1), 1990, 27-33]
[Seasonal variation in the monoterpenes in needles of Picea abies (L.) Karst., Schönwitz, R., Lohwasser, K., Kloos, M., Ziegler, H., Trees, Vol.4(1), 1990, 34-40]
Thomé, O.W., Flora von Deutschland Österreich und der Schweiz, Tafeln, vol.1, t.25 (1885)
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=788945