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Peumus boldus Molina - Monimiaceae - boldo, Boldo

Evergreen tree, native to Chile.

„Together with litre, quillay, peumo, bollén and other indigenous plants, it is a characteristic component of the sclerophyllous forest endemic to central Chile. Its leaves, which have a strong, woody and slightly bitter flavor and camphor-like aroma, are used for culinary purposes, primarily in Latin America.“ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldo

„Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves of P. boldus grown in Siena (Tuscany, Italy) and marketed leaves from Chile were investigated by GC-MS. Forty-six compounds were identified, accounting for about 98% of total content; 22 constituents were reported for the first time. Ascaridole, which is endowed with antihelminthic properties, was the main component (38. 6% and 21.1 %, respectively). The Tuscan essential oil had a considerably higher percentage of eucalyptol.“
[Peumus boldus essential oil: New constituents and comparison of oils from leaves of different origin. Miraldi, E., Ferri, S., Franchi, G. G., Giorgi, G., Fitoterapia, Vol.67(3), 1996, 227-230]

„The leaves of the Chilean medicinal plant Peumus boldus (Monimiaceae) have been used as a herbal remedy by the indigenous people for a very long time. Today extracts of boldo leaves are used in Europe as traditional medicine for the treatment of liver and gastrointestinal complaints and also in homeopathic preparations. Apart from isoquinoline alkaloids of the aporphine type, especially boldine, polyphenols (flavonoids, proanthocyanidines, cinnamoic acid derivatives) as well as an essential oil have been elucidated. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated amongst others antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and spasmolytic activities, which at least in part give an explanation for the traditional use. However, clinical studies confirming these activities are missing. Due to the toxicity of ascaridole, a prominent component of the essential oil, only aqueous extracts or infusions of boldo leaves or homeopathic preparations should be applied in therapy.“
[Boldoblätter. Latté, Klaus Peter., Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie, Vol.35(1), 2014, 40-46]

The German Commission E Monographs, a therapeutic guide to herbal medicine, approved ascaridole-free infusions and extracts of boldo leaves for gastrointestinal disorders like stomach cramps and dyspepsia. The application is not recommended in the presence of gallstones and diseases of the liver and biliary tract.
http://buecher.heilpflanzen-welt.de/BGA-Kommission-E-Monographien/boldo-folium-boldoblaetter.htm