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--- paullinia_yoco_r.e._schult._killip [2016/02/24 12:17]
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+++ paullinia_yoco_r.e._schult._killip [2016/02/24 14:00] (aktuell)
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 Paullinia yoco R.E. Schult. & Killip - Sapindaceae - yoko, yoco (span.), **Yoko**
-Woody climber, native to the rain forests of Southern America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru), occasionally cultivated; stems up to 12cm in diam.
+Woody climber, native to the rain forests of Southern America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru); stems up to 12cm in diam.
-The stem cortex of P. yoco is traditionally used by the natives of Colombia and Ecuador to prepare a caffeine-rich beverage. The stem cortex contains up to 2.75% of caffeine. \\
+"The stem is cut into pieces 30-100cm long, and the epidermis, cortex, and phloem are rasped. The scrapings thus obtained are squeezed to express the caffein-bearing sap into cold water (hot or warm water is never used with yoco), the rasped tissues being then discarded. The liquid, of a cloudy milky-white or light chocolate-brown colour, is drunk cold. The beverage, which is taken early every morning, allays hunger and supplies muscular stimulation. It is also used medicinally as a febrifuge and as a curative for a bilious disease." \\
-[Purine alkaloids in Paullinia., Weckerle, C.S., Stutz, M.A., Baumann, T.W., Phytochemistry, 64(3), 2003, 735-742]
+[Cooper J.M., in Steward J.H., Handbook of South American Indians, Botanical Museum Leaflets No.142 v.5, 1949, 547]
 {{:caffeine.jpg| caffeine}} caffeine
-"The stem is cut into pieces 30-100cm long, and the epidermis, cortex, and phloem are rasped. The scrapings thus obtained are squeezed to express the caffein-bearing sap into cold water (hot or warm water is never used with yoco), the rasped tissues being then discarded. The liquid, of a cloudy milky-white or light chocolate-brown colour, is drunk cold. The beverage, which is taken early every morning, allays hunger and supplies muscular stimulation. It is also used medicinally as a febrifuge and as a curative for a bilious disease." \\
+The stem cortex of P. yoco is traditionally used by the natives of Colombia and Ecuador to prepare a caffeine-rich beverage. Stem cortex of several yoco types contained up to 0.52% (d.w.), adult leaflets up to 1.3% of caffeine. Theobromine was found up to 0.18% in stem cortex and 0.27% in adult leaflets.\\
-[Cooper J.M., in Steward J.H., Handbook of South American Indians, Botanical Museum Leaflets No.142 v.5, 1949, 547]
+[Purine alkaloids in Paullinia., Weckerle, C.S., Stutz, M.A., Baumann, T.W., Phytochemistry, 64(3), 2003, 735-742]

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