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Osmanthus fragrans Lour. - syn.Olea fragrans Thunb. - Oleaceae - sweet olive, tea olive, Süße Duftblüte
Evergreen shrub or small tree, native to southeast Asia, mainly China; cultivated as an ornamental; leaves elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, entire or usually serrulate along distal half, midrib and primary veins adaxially impressed and abaxially raised; cymes fascicled in leaf axils, many flowered; flowers fragrant, yellowish, yellow, or orange, 3-4 mm; fruit drupe purple-black, ellipsoid, 1-1.5 cm.
„Widely cultivated for the perfume of flowers. Varieties based on flower color are only cultivars.“
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210001392
„It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens in Asia, Europe, North America, and elsewhere in the world for its deliciously fragrant flowers which carry the scent of ripe peaches or apricots…. In Chinese cuisine, its flowers may be infused with green or black tea leaves to create a scented tea (桂花茶, guìhuāchá). The flowers are also used to produce osmanthus-scented jam (t 桂花醬, s 桂花酱, guìhuājiàng), sweet cakes (桂花糕, guìhuāgāo), dumplings, soups, and even liquor.“
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanthus_fragrans
„Its plenty of small flowers give off an overwhelmingly sweet fragrance with a fruity nuance, resembling that of ripe apricots.“ http://www.bojensen.net/EssentialOilsEng/EssentialOils22A/EssentialOils22A.htm
„There are over 157 varieties of sweet olive in China divided into four main groups: Fragrans, Latifolius, Thunbergii, and Aurantiacus.“ http://sfagardens.sfasu.edu/UserFiles/File/PLANTS/Osmanthus%20fragrans.pdf
Analysis of Osmanthus absolute showed fatty acids like linolenic acid (17.4%), linoleic acid (8.7%), palmitic acid (8.8%), oleic acid (7.0), and their ethyl esters as main components, but the odoriferous constituents should be β-ionone (7.6%), dihydro-β-ionone (6.4%), γ-decalactone (4.0%), dihydro-β-ionol (3.0%), linalool oxides, theaspiranes and various carotenoid-derived trace compounds. http://www.leffingwell.com/osmanthus.htm (Kaiser, R. and Lamparsky, D., lit. cit., 1978-1981)
„Flowers range from silver-white (var.latifolius) to reddish-orange (var.aurantiacus). Osmanthus absolute is usually prepared from golden-orange flowers. … A summary of the olfactory concept of this unique natural extract has to mention carotenoid-derived constituents such as β-ionone (3.5%), dihydro-β-ionone (8.5%), γ-decalactone (7%) and related lactones, as well as terpenoids such as linalool (15%), nerol (0.1%), and geraniol (0.3%). Just mixing these compounds in their natural properties already produces a recognizable osmanthus accord.“
[Meaningful scents around the world. Roman Kaiser, 2006, p.27, 248]
Osmanthus oil is unusual in that way that it contains large amounts of carotenoid-derived compounds like α-ionone (1.1%), β-ionone (10%), the corresponding alcohols and 7,8-dihydro derivatives, 3,4-dehydro-β-ionone, β-damascenone, several megastigmatrienones and fragrant cyclic ethers like the thespiranes and theaspirones.
[Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, Philip Kraft, Wiley-VCH, 2012, 284-291]
„Headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) were used to characterize the volatiles in flowers of four cultivar groups of sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.), including Thunbergii, Latifolius, Aurantiacus and Semperflorens Groups. A total of 72 volatiles were identified. Volatile compounds and their relative contents varied among the four groups or cultivars within each group. Briefly, β-ionone, cis-linalool oxide (furan), trans-linalool oxide (furan) and linalool were the most common volatiles in tested cultivars, while (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and hexanal were abundant in several cultivars. Principal component analysis showed that the Aurantiacus Group was rich in cis- and trans-linalool oxide (furan), whereas the Latifolius group had high levels of (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol.“
[Characterization of volatile compounds in flowers from four groups of sweet osmanthus ( Osmanthus fragrans ) cultivars. Xin, H., Wu, B., Zhang, H., Wang, C., Li, J., Yang, B. and Li, S. , Can. J. Plant Sci. Vol.93, 2013, 923–931.]
Osmanthus fragrans Lour. as Olea fragrans Thunb., Fragrant Olive
Lettsom, J.C., The natural history of the tea-tree, 2nd ed., p.42 (1799) [J.Miller]
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=728908