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--- nigella_sativa_l [2017/04/20 15:57]
andreas
+++ nigella_sativa_l [2018/06/01 17:47] (aktuell)
andreas
@@ Zeile 10: / Zeile 10: @@
 | {{:cymene.jpg|p-cymene}} \\ cymene | {{:thymoquinone.jpg| thymoquinone }} \\ thymoquinone | {{:limonene.jpg|limonene}} \\ limonene | {{:alpha_pinene.jpg| α-pinene }} \\ α-pinene | {{:carvacrol.jpg| carvacrol }} \\ carvacrol | {{:r_carvone.jpg| (R)(-)-carvone }} \\ (R)(-)-carvone |
-"Samples of the expressed fixed oil from different sources of Nigella sativa seeds were examined by thin-layer and gas chromatography for content of fixed oils and thymoquinone, and these substances were tested as possible inhibitors of eicosanoid generation and membrane lipid peroxidation. The crude fixed oil and pure thymoquinone both inhibited the cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonate metabolism in rat peritoneal leukocytes stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187, as shown by dose-dependent inhibition of thromboxane B2 and leukotriene B4, respectively. Thymoquinone was very potent, with approximate IC50 values against 5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase of < 1 microgram/ml and 3.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Both substances also inhibited non-enzymatic peroxidation in ox brain phospholipid liposomes, but thymoquinone was about ten times more potent. However, the inhibition of eicosanoid generation and lipid peroxidation by the fixed oil of N. sativa is greater than is expected from its content of thymoquinone (ca. 0.2% w/v), and it is possible that other components such as the unusual C20:2 unsaturated fatty acids may contribute also to its anti-eicosanoid and antioxidant activity. These pharmacological properties of the oil support the traditional use of N. sativa and its derived products as a treatment for rheumatism and related inflammatory diseases." \\
-[Fixed oil of Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation., Houghton, P.J., Zarka, R., de las Heras, B., Hoult, J.R., Planta medica, 61(1), 1995, 33-36]
 "The chemical composition of the extracted [petrolether] fixed oil (total fatty acid composition) and volatile oil [hydrodistilled from the petrol ether extract] of Nigella sativa L. seeds grown in Iran were determined by GC and GC/MS. Eight fatty acids (99.5%) and thirty- two compounds (86.7%) have been identified in the fixed and volatile oils, respectively. The main fatty acids of the fixed oil were linoleic acid (55.6%), oleic acid (23.4%), and palmitic acid (12.5%). The major compounds of the volatile oil were trans-anethole (38.3%), p-cymene (14.8%), limonene (4.3%), and carvone (4.0%)." The thymoquinone content was 0.6%. \\
@@ Zeile 21: / Zeile 18: @@
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+"Samples of the expressed fixed oil from different sources of Nigella sativa seeds were examined by thin-layer and gas chromatography for content of fixed oils and thymoquinone, and these substances were tested as possible inhibitors of eicosanoid generation and membrane lipid peroxidation. The crude fixed oil and pure thymoquinone both inhibited the cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonate metabolism in rat peritoneal leukocytes stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187, as shown by dose-dependent inhibition of thromboxane B2 and leukotriene B4, respectively. Thymoquinone was very potent, with approximate IC50 values against 5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase of < 1 microgram/ml and 3.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Both substances also inhibited non-enzymatic peroxidation in ox brain phospholipid liposomes, but thymoquinone was about ten times more potent. However, the inhibition of eicosanoid generation and lipid peroxidation by the fixed oil of N. sativa is greater than is expected from its content of thymoquinone (ca. 0.2% w/v), and it is possible that other components such as the unusual C20:2 unsaturated fatty acids may contribute also to its anti-eicosanoid and antioxidant activity. These pharmacological properties of the oil support the traditional use of N. sativa and its derived products as a treatment for rheumatism and related inflammatory diseases." \\
+[Fixed oil of Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation., Houghton, P.J., Zarka, R., de las Heras, B., Hoult, J.R., Planta medica, 61(1), 1995, 33-36]
 "The major saponin in the defatted //seeds// of N. sativa is the glycoside α-hederin or Helixin or melanthin which on acid hydrolysis releases its sugar rhamnose / arabinose and gives the aglycone hederagenin (or melanthigenin) or caulosapogenin." \\
@@ Zeile 43: / Zeile 42: @@
 Nigella sativa contains α-hederin, which has bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects like thymoquinone. This was shown as preventive effect of two different concentrations of α-hederin (compared with thymoquinone and control), on tracheal responsiveness and lung inflammation in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs. \\
 [The protective effect of α-hederin, the active constituent of Nigella sativa, on tracheal responsiveness and lung inflammation in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs., Saadat, S., Mohammadi, M., Fallahi, M., Aslani, M. R., The Journal of Physiological Sciences, 2015, 1-8]
+"Up to date investigated therapeutic potentials of Thymoquinone are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory, neuro-, gastro-, cardio-, hepato- and nephro-protective." \\
+[Islam, Md Torequl, et al. "Thymoquinone is knocking at the door of clinical trial." International Archives of Medicine 9 (2016)] [[http://imed.pub/ojs/index.php/iam/article/view/1863]]
 {{:nigella.jpg?600}} \\

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