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Nerium oleander L. - Apocynaceae - oleander, rose-bay, Oleander, Rosenlorbeer
Evergreen subshrub, native to the Mediterranean, East Asia, cultivated worldwide as ornamental; leaves narrowly elliptiv, leathery; flowers fragrant, white, salmon, pink or purplish red. „All parts of the plant are extremely toxic. The seed-oil content is up to 58.5%.“
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018424
Toxic principle in all parts of the plant are cardenolides, which are also CNS depressant.
http://ijpsr.com/V1I3/3Vol%201%20Issue%203%20Review%203.pdf
„A 37-year-old man presented two hours after the ingestion of “a handful” of oleander leaves (probably Nerium oleander) in a suicide attempt. Cardiotoxicity was evidenced by the presence of bradycardia (rate, 30 to 45) with sinoatrial nodal arrest and junctional escape consistent with a cardiac glycoside effect. The patient was treated empirically with a single dose of five vials (200 mg) of digoxin-specific Fab antibody fragments (Digibind®). The pretreatment digoxin level was 1.5 ng/mL. After treatment, the patient's rhythm stabilized with residual sinus bradycardia (rate, 56). The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on the fifth hospital day to inpatient psychiatric care.“
[Oleander poisoning: treatment with digoxin-specific Fab antibody fragments., Shumaik, G. M., Wu, A. W., Ping, A. C.,Annals of emergency medicine, Vol.17(7), 1988, 732-735]
„The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils obtained from Nerium oleander (family Apocynaceae) were examined. Their chemical composition was determined by hydro-distillation, analysed by GC/MS and GC-FID… The analyses for flower part resulted in the identification of 34 compounds, representing 93.21% of the total oil and the yields were 1.76%. The major component was nériine (22.56%), other predominant components were digitoxigénine (11.25%), Amorphane (8.11%), 1.8-cineole (6.58%), α-pinene (5.54%), calarene (5.12%), Limonene (5.01%), β-Phellandrene (4.84%), Terpinene-4-ol (3.98%), sabinene (3.22%), Isoledene (2.94%), 3-Carene (2.56%), Humulene (2.29%), β-Pinene (2.01%) and Cymen-8-ol (1.67%). The chemical compositions revealed that this study had compositions relatively similar to those of other Nerium oleander essential oils analyzed in other countries.“
[Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of the essential oil from flowers of Nerium oleander., Derwich, E., Benziane, Z., Boukir, A., Electronic journal of environmental, Agricultural and food chemistry, Vol.9(6), 2010, 1074-1084]
