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nephelium_lappaceum_l [2014/10/06 23:02]
andreas
nephelium_lappaceum_l [2024/03/16 10:07] (aktuell)
andreas
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-Nephelium lappaceum L. - Sapindaceae \\ +Nephelium lappaceum L. - Sapindaceae rambutan, rhambutan, **Rambutan**
-rambutan, **Rambutan**+
  
-Evergreen tree, 12-20m high, native to Indonesia and Malaysia.+Evergreen tree, 12-20m high, native to Indonesia and Malaysia. As a member of the Sapindaceae family it is closely related to several other edible tropical fruits including the lychee ([[litchi_chinensis_sonn|Litchi chinensis]]), longan ([[dimocarpus_longan_lour|Dimocarpus longan]]), pulasan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake), and mamoncillo (Melicoccus bijugatus).
  
-Nephelium lappaceum L. var Rong-rien: "Isocitronellol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanonepentanal, and 4-tridecyl valerate were most abundant in ‘Rong-rien’ rambutan." [Postharvest survey of volatile compounds in five tropical fruits using headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). LaohakunjitN.KerdchoechuenO., MattaF. B.SilvaJ. L.Holmes, WE., HortScience, Vol.42(2), 2007, 309-314]+"The fruit is a round to oval single-seeded berry, 3-6 cm (rarely to 8 cm) long and 3-4 cm broadborne in a loose pendant cluster of 10-20 togetherThe leathery skin is reddish (rarely orange or yellow), and covered with fleshy pliable spineshence the namewhich means 'hairs'The fruit fleshwhich is actually the arilis translucentwhitish or very pale pinkwith a sweetmildly acidic flavor very reminiscent of grapes." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rambutan]]
  
-{{http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Berthe_Hoola_van_Nooten46.jpg|600}}+"The 20 most potent odorants [from the red-skinned cultivar of rambutan, Jitlee] included β-damascenone, (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal, vanillin, (E)-2-nonenal, phenylacetic acid, cinnamic acid, unknown 1 (//sweaty//), ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and δ-decalactone." \\  
 +On the basis of calculated odor activity values, β-damascenone (OAV 226), ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (OAV 151), 2,6-nonadienal (OAV 121), (E)-2-nonenal (OAV 87), nonanal (OAV 62), and furaneol (OAV 3) were determined to be the main contributors to rambutan fruit aroma. \\ 
 +[Characterization of volatiles in rambutan fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L.)., Ong, P.K., Acree, T.E., Lavin, E.H., Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 46(2), 1998, 611-615] 
 + 
 +{{:damascenone.jpg| β-damascenone}} \\ β-damascenone | {{:et2mebutanoat.jpg|}} \\ ethyl 2-methylbutyrate | {{hdmf.jpg| furaneol }} \\ furaneol | {{:vanillin.jpg| vanillin}} \\ vanillin | {{:isocitronellol.jpg| isocitronellol}} \\ isocitronellol \\ (alpha citronellol)| 
 + 
 +The major volatiles found by GC/FID contributed very little to the GC/O chromatogramm. Most potent odorants were ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, furaneol, m-cresol, guaiacol, nonanal, phenylethanol, heptanoic acid, maltol, (E/Z)-2-nonenal, phenylacetic acid, hydrocinnamic acid, (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal, vanillin, β-damascenone, cinnamic acid, and δ-decalactone. \\ 
 +"...β-damascenone was the only carotenoid derived compound in rambutan above its odor threshold and it was not detectable in the GC/FID chromatogram." \\ 
 +[Friedrich, Jane E., and Terry E. Acree. "Analyzing Carotenoid-Derived Aroma Compounds Using Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry.", in: Winterhalter, Peter, and Russell L. Rouseff, eds. Carotenoid-derived aroma compounds. American Chemical Society, 2001, 67-74] 
 + 
 +Of the ‘Rong-rien’ rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L. var Rong-rien) fruit flesh volatiles, isocitronellol (alpha citronellol; 29%, //floral, intense rose like, weak fruit aroma//), 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (14%), 1-propene-1-thiol (12%), 4-tridecyl valerate (6%), 3-methyl-2-hexanal (6%), and pentanal (4%) were most abundant; δ-decalactone (3%), benzaldehyde (3%), acetaldehyde (2%), and pentyl acetate (1%) were also present. \\ 
 +[Postharvest survey of volatile compounds in five tropical fruits using headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). Laohakunjit, N., Kerdchoechuen, O., Matta, F. B., Silva, J. L., Holmes, W. E., HortScience, Vol.42(2), 2007, 309-314] \\ 
 +[[http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/42/2/309.full.pdf+html]] 
 + 
 +{{:nephelium_lappaceum.jpg?600}} \\ 
 +Hoola van Nooten, B., Fleurs, fruits et feuillages choisis de l’ille de Java: peints d’apres nature, t.7 (1880) \\ 
 +[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=698117]] 
 + 
 +{{nephelium_lappaceum_fruitsontree.jpg}} \\ 
 +Rambutan fruits on a tree, Author: [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:VoDeTan2|VoDeTan2]] [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]] [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nephelium_lappaceum_Frucht.jpg|Wikimedia Commons]]
nephelium_lappaceum_l.1412629354.txt.gz · Zuletzt geändert: 2014/10/06 23:02 von andreas