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Myristica fragrans Houtt. - syn. Myristica officinalis L. - Myristicaceae - mace, nutmeg (tree), Muskatnuss (-baum)
Evergreen tree, up to 15m tall, native to the Molucca Islands; introduced and cultivated in Southeast Asia and Mauritius.
The fruits of the tree are important as the source of the spices nutmeg (germ. Muskatnuss) and mace (germ. Macis).
„Nutmeg is not a nut, but the kernel of an apricot-like fruit. Mace is an arillus, a thin leathery tissue between the stone and the pulp; it is bright red to purple when harvested, but after drying changes to amber… Both spices are strongly aromatic, resinous and warm in taste. Mace is generally said to have a finer aroma than nutmeg, but the difference is small. Nutmeg quickly loses its fragrance when ground; therefore, the necessary amount should be grated from a whole nut immediately before usage.“ http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/engl/Myri_fra.html
„In addition to about 40 percent fatty oil (with the triglyceride of myristic acid as the main constituent) nutmeg also contain about 25 percent starch, as well as resins. The fatty oil is also known as nutmeg butter because of its butter-like consistency.“ http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskatnussbaum#Inhaltsstoffe
„The essential oil is known to have spasmolytic activity and relieves stomach cramps and flatulence.“ [MPW]
Essential oil content in nutmeg seeds is 5 to 10%, with propylbenzene derivatives and terpenes as major components.
Chemical composition of essential oil of nutmeg seeds (32 compounds): myristicin (13%), safrole (4%), isoeugenol (1%), elemicin (1%); sabinene (21%), 4-terpineol (13%), α-pinene (10%), limonene (5%), γ-terpinene (4%), α-terpineol (3%).
[Identification of compounds in the essential oil of nutmeg seeds (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) that inhibit locomotor activity in mice. Muchtaridi, Anas Subarnas , Anton Apriyantono, Resmi Mustarichie, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11, 4771-4781]
myristicin (R=H)
„Nutmeg oil was extracted from nutmeg seed at pressures of 15–20 MPa and temperatures of 313–323 K with supercritical CO2…Nutmeg oil extracted contained terpene hydrocarbons (such as phellandrene, pinene, camphene, myrcene, limonene, carene and camphene), terpene derivatives (such as linalyl butanoate, α-cubebene, copaene, asarone and anthrone) and myristicin as the main components. The composition of terpene hydrocarbons, terpene derivatives and myristicin were 44.85%, 7.23%, and 31.55%, respectively.“
[Supercritical CO2 extraction of nutmeg oil: Experiments and modeling. Siti Machmudah, Anny Sulaswatty, Mitsuru Sasaki, Motonobu Goto, Tsutomu Hirose, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol.39 (1), 2006, 30–39]
Kohl,F.G., Die officinellen Pflanzen der Pharmacopoea Germanica, t.42 (1891-1895)
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=688009