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Mespilus germanica L. - syn.Pyrus germanica (L.) Hook. f. - Rosaceae - medlar, Mispel

Small deciduous tree, up to 5m high, native to Eastern Europe and West Asia, widely cultivate in Europe in the middle ages; leaves lanceolate to ovate, margins entire to slightly crenate; flowers with orbicular petals, white to cream white; fruits are flattened globes with very distinct residual sepals and a slightly tomentose surface turning brown when ripe.
http://en.hortipedia.com/wiki/Mespilus_germanica http://www.botgart.uni-bonn.de/o_samm/allmonatdet.php?id=71

The apple-like fruits develope their very special, tart-aromatic taste, by staying on the tree or after prolonged storage. Because jam or jelly can be made of, the fruit tree was previously widely used in Europe. By storing, tannins and fruit acids are broken down, sugar content increases and the fruits become soft, otherwise they are hard and astringent. Today, the medlar is rarely in culture.
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mispel

„Medlar is the fruit of Mespilus germanica L. in the family of Rosaceae. The fruit can be eaten only if ‘bletted’ (softened by frost or longer storage). The effect of the maturation stages on the volatile compounds of the medlar fruit was investigated during two different stages. Volatile flavour substances were isolated from the minced pulp of unripe and full ripe medlar fruits by simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE) with methilen chloride as the extracting solvent. The concentrate was analysed by GC-FID-MS. Hexanoic and hexadecanoic acids were the predominant acids, hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal were the predominant aldehydes, (Z)-3-hexenol and hexanol were the predominant alcohols, with p-cymene, terpinen-4-ol, and γ-terpinene (the terpenes responsible for the characteristic medlar flavour) being also present. The C6 aliphatic compounds, such as hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal, were observed as the major volatile constituents in the green stage. In contrast, hexanol and (Z)-3-hexenol were the main volatiles in ripe fruits.“
[Volatile compounds in Medlar fruit (Mespilus germanica L.) at two ripening stages., Veličković, M.M., Radivojević, D.D., Oparnica, Č.Đ., Nikićević, N.J., Živković, M.B., Đorđević, N.O., Tešević, V.V., Hemijska industrija, 67(3), 2013, 437-441]

Thomé,O.W., Flora von Deutschland Österreich und der Schweiz, Tafeln, vol.3 t.416 (1885)
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=663580