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--- mentha_spicata_l [2017/09/17 18:21]
andreas
+++ mentha_spicata_l [2022/05/29 14:53] (aktuell)
andreas
@@ Zeile 11: / Zeile 11: @@
 [Chiral GC analysis of (S)(+)‐and (R)(−)‐carvone with high enantiomeric purity in caraway, dill and spearmint oils., Ravid, U., Putievsky, E., Katzir, I., Weinstein, V., Ikan, R., Flavour and fragrance journal, 7(5), 1992, 289-292]
-|{{:r_carvone.jpg| carvone}} \\ [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002742.html|(R)(-)-carvone]] | {{menthol_minus.jpg| (-)-menthol}} \\ (-)-menthol | {{1.8cineole.jpg| 1.8-cineole}} \\ 1.8-cineole |
+|{{:r_carvone.jpg| carvone}} \\ [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002742.html|(R)(-)-carvone]] |{{:menthone_.jpg|(-)-menthone}} \\ (-)-menthone | {{menthol_minus.jpg| (-)-menthol}} \\ (-)-menthol | {{1.8cineole.jpg| 1.8-cineole}} \\ 1.8-cineole |
-The most potent odorants (highest FD factor, 6-10) of a Chinese conrmint oil were isomenthone (11.2%, minty dirty leafy), menthone (22.1%, minty clean cooling), 2,5-diethyltetrahydrofuran (0.03%, pungent solvent ether), (E)-ß-damascenone (trace, fruity woody berry), 1,8-cineole (0.4%, cooling eucalyptus), menthol (34.9%, cooling minty clean), pulegone (1.5%, heavy minty dirty), ß-ionone (heavy woody fruity), eugenol (0.04%, spicy clove sweet), linalool (0.1%, floral sweet creamy), (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal (leafy floral cucumber), carvone (0.2%, spearmint fruity herbal), guaiacol (sweet smoky phenolic), 4-vinylguaiacol (smoky woody sweet), and five unknown compounds.\\
-[Benn, Scot. „Potent odorants in peppermint and cornmint oils characterized by GC-O and AEDA.“ Perfumer & flavorist 23.5 (1998): 5-16]
 Spearmint essential oil is dominated by carvone (37.7%), menthol (16.1%), limonene (15.0%), and menthone (9.7%), with smaller abundances of isomenthone (4.4%), neomenthol (2.4%), menthyl acetate (1.4%) and cis-dihydrocarvone (1.1%). Menthofuran was not found.\\
 [Application of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC× GC) to the Qualitative Analysis of Essential Oils. Dimandja, J. M. D., Stanfill, S. B., Grainger, J., Patterson Jr, D. G., Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, Vol.23(3), 2000, 208-214]
+The essential oil of the leaves and twigs of nana mint (Mentha spicata L. ssp.spicata, syn.Mentha viridis L. var.nanah) is characterized by higher amounts of (-)-limonene (14-31%), 1,8-cineole (0.8-6.7%; cineole:limonene <0.5), (-)-carvone (53-65%), minor amounts of menthol (<0.5%), and the absence of isopulegole (M.arvensis!) and menthofuran (M.piperita!).\\
+[Wolz, Dietmar, and Gerhard Buchbauer. Aromatherapie in Wissenschaft und Praxis. Ed. Wolfgang Steflitsch. Stadelmann, 2013]
+"...(-)-carvone was the most potent odorant in all three spearmint oils. In Native spearmint oil, other potent odorants included eugenol (clove), ethyl-2-methylbutyrate (fruity), β-damascenone (applesauce), (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene (tape), and methional (cooked potato). In Scotch spearmint oil, other potent odorants were eugenol, (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene, β-damascenone, isoeugenol, and an unknown minty odorant (RIWAX= 1719). In Macho mint oil, additional potent odorants included eugenol, (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene, ethyl-2-methylbutyrate, and β-damascenone. Important odorants which remain unknown include two minty odorants (RIWAX= 1425 and 1719), a bread-like odorant (RIWAX= 1434), and an insect repellent-like odorant (RIWAX= 2366)... some compounds, such as dimethyl trisulfide and 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol, had high FD factors yet were not detectable by GC-MS. This can be attributed to the low odor thresholds of these compounds. The threshold for dimethyl trisulfide is 0.01 parts per billion, and the threshold for 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol is 1.2 parts per trillion (Buttery et. al., 1976; Fritsch and Schieberle, 2005). These trace potent odorants are typically overlooked due to their low concentrations, yet are significant to the overall flavor of spearmint oils." \\
+[Kelley, Lauren. "Analysis of potent odorants in spearmint oils." (2014)] [[https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/50415/Lauren_Kelley.pdf]]
 Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) of spearmint oils showed (R)-(−)-carvone as the most potent odorant. Additional predominant odorants included eugenol, ethyl (S)-(+)-2-methylbutanoate, (E)-β-damascenone, and (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene. "Among the compounds quantitated, those with the highest OAVs were (R)-(−)-carvone, 1,8-cineole, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, (E)-β-damascenone, and (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene." \\
-[Kelley, Lauren E., and Keith R. Cadwallader. "Identification and quantitation of potent odorants in spearmint oils." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2017).]
+[Kelley, Lauren E., and Keith R. Cadwallader. "Identification and quantitation of potent odorants in spearmint oils." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2017)]
+"While L-carvone represents about 60-75% of spearmint oil, it doesn't provide the distinct odor and flavor of the natural spearmint oil, which in addition to L-carvone contains carveol (0.4-0.7%), carvyl acetate (1-2%), dihydrocarveol (0.1-0.2%), and dihydrocarvyl acetate (0.3-0.4%) among many other components... L-carvyl acetate and L-dihydrocarvyl acetate, are essential for creating the distinct spearmint flavor." \\
+[Kolomeyer, Gennadiy G.; Ferone, Douglas. Spearmint flavor enhancer. U.S. Patent Application Nr. 10/119,096, 2018] [[https://patents.google.com/patent/US10119096B2/en]]
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@@ Zeile 31: / Zeile 37: @@
 [Spearmint herbal tea has significant anti‐androgen effects in polycystic ovarian syndrome. a randomized controlled trial. Grant, P., Phytotherapy Research, Vol.24(2), 2010, 186-188]
-{{:mantha_spicata.jpg?500}} \\
+Investigating its pharmacological effects in the guinea pig ileum, "The effect of (−)-carvone was compared with that of the classical calcium channel blocker (CCB) verapamil... (−)-carvone reduced the contraction induced by high K+ and was almost 100 times more potent than verapamil. Thus, (−)-carvone showed a typical and potent CCB-like action. Many effects described for both (−)-carvone and spearmint oil can be explained as a CCB-like mode of action." \\
+[Souza, Fábia Valéria M., et al. "(−)-Carvone: Antispasmodic effect and mode of action." Fitoterapia 85 (2013): 20-24]
+{{:mantha_spicata.jpg?600}} \\
 Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata as Mentha viridis \\
 Masclef, A., Atlas des plantes de France, vol.3, t.252 (1893) \\

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