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Lamiaceae - pennyroyal, European pennyroyal, Polei-Minze
Perennial native to Europe, Northern Africa and Asia.
Up to 40cm high with slightly hairy and narrowly elliptic leaves and mauve (or sometimes white) flowers and camphor/peppermint scent.
Said to work as repellant for ants and flies. https://www.organicgardener.com.au/blogs/pennyroyal-and-ants
„Pennyroyal was commonly used as a cooking herb by the Greeks and Romans…Pennyroyal essential oil should never be taken internally because it is highly toxic…“ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentha_pulegium http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polei-Minze
„Hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L., collected from the wild and recorded for the first time from different locations in the higher Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir, India, provided refreshing pale-coloured essential oils with a characteristic minty flavour. Essential oils from different locations were qualitatively similar and were found to be a complex mixture of at least 45 compounds, of which 24 were identified. Eight compounds accounted for about 87–98% of the oil and were characterized as pulegone (65.9–83.1%), menthone (8.3–8.7%), isomenthone (3.8–4.0%), neo-menthol (0.7–1.3%), pulegol acetate (0.1–1.2%), piperitone (1.3–3.2%), γ-terpinene (0.9–1.2%), β-caryophyllene (0.1–0.9%) and β-caryophyllene oxide (0.3–1.9%) by capillary GC, GC–MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.“ [Agnihotri, V. K., Agarwal, S. G., Dhar, P. L., Thappa, R. K., Baleshwar, Kapahi, B. K., Saxena, R. K. and Qazi, G. N. (2005), Essential oil composition of Mentha pulegium L. growing wild in the north-western Himalayas India. Flavour Fragr. J., 20: 607–610. doi: 10.1002/ffj.1497]
„The composition of the essential oil obtained from the dried flowering aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L. (Lamiaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Fifty-five components have been identified in the essential oil of M. pulegium. The major constituents of the essential oil were pulegone (54.6 %) and menthone (15.1 %).“ [Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Mentha pulegium L. Morteza-Semnani K, Saeedi M, Akbarzadeh M. Journal of essential oil-bearing plants JEOP 01/2011]
„The essential oil revealed menthone, pulegone and neo-menthol as the main constituents, comprising 35.9, 23.2 and 9.2% of the essential oil, respectively.“ [European pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) from Portugal: Chemical composition of essential oil and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of extracts and essential oil. [Bárbara Teixeiraa, António Marques et al. Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 36, Issue 1, March 2012, 81–87]
„The chemical composition and the biological activities of Mentha pulegium leaves extracts were evaluated. The main components of M. pulegium EO were menthone (41.7%), cis-isopulegone (31.71%) and isomenthone (15.03%).“ [Chemical Composition and in vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Mentha pulegium Leaves Extracts against Foodborne Pathogens. Ghazghazi, Hanene and Chedia, Aouadhi and Weslati, Moufida and Trakhna, Faten and Houssine, Sebei and Abderrazak, Maaroufi and Brahim, Hasnaoui, Journal of Food Safety, Volume 33, Issue 3, pages 239–246, August 2013]