| Beide Seiten der vorigen Revision
Vorhergehende Überarbeitung
Nächste Überarbeitung
|
Vorhergehende Überarbeitung
|
mentha_piperita_l [2015/07/16 11:52]
andreas |
mentha_piperita_l [2024/03/08 09:13] (aktuell)
andreas |
| "Source of peppermint oil, an essential oil used for flavoring confectionary, candies, liqueur, and chewing gum. The dried plant is used medicinally as a carminative, nervine, and stimulant, while menthol is used in nasal sprays. A hybrid: Mentha aquatica Linnaeus X M. spicata Linnaeus." [[http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210001264]] | "Source of peppermint oil, an essential oil used for flavoring confectionary, candies, liqueur, and chewing gum. The dried plant is used medicinally as a carminative, nervine, and stimulant, while menthol is used in nasal sprays. A hybrid: Mentha aquatica Linnaeus X M. spicata Linnaeus." [[http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210001264]] |
| |
| "Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is one of the most widely consumed single ingredient herbal teas, or tisanes. Peppermint tea, brewed from the plant leaves, and the essential oil of peppermint are used in traditional medicines. Evidence-based research regarding the bioactivity of this herb is reviewed. The phenolic constituents of the leaves include rosmarinic acid and several flavonoids, primarily eriocitrin, luteolin and hesperidin. The main volatile components of the essential oil are menthol and menthone. In vitro, peppermint has significant antimicrobial and antiviral activities, strong antioxidant and antitumor actions, and some antiallergenic potential. Animal model studies demonstrate a relaxation effect on gastrointestinal (GI) tissue, analgesic and anesthetic effects in the central and peripheral nervous system, immunomodulating actions and chemopreventive potential. Human studies on the GI, respiratory tract and analgesic effects of peppermint oil and its constituents have been reported. Several clinical trials examining the effects of peppermint oil on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms have been conducted. However, human studies of peppermint leaf are limited and clinical trials of peppermint tea are absent. Adverse reactions to peppermint tea have not been reported, although caution has been urged for peppermint oil therapy in patients with GI reflux, hiatal hernia or kidney stones." \\ | The most potent odorants (highest FD factor, 8-12) of a Japanese peppermint oil (Yakima) were menthofuran (5.0%, rubbery tarry plastic), 1,8-cineole (4.0%, cooling eucalyptus), 2- and 3-methylbutanal (0.07%, sweet cocoa malty), pulegone (1.9%, heavy minty dirty), (E)-ß-damascenone (trace, fruity woody berry), α-pinene (0.7%, piney), 2,5-diethyltetrahydrofuran (0.02%, pungent solvent ether), ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (fruity green apple), ethyl 3-methylbutyrate (fruity strawberry), isomenthone (3.2%, minty dirty leafy), menthol (41.6%, cooling minty clean), linalool (0.3%, floral sweet creamy), ß-ionone (heavy woody fruity), and (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal (leafy floral cucumber). \\ |
| [A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (//Mentha piperita L.//). McKay, D. L., Blumberg, J. B., Phytotherapy Research, Vol.20(8), 2006, 619-633] | [Benn, Scot. "Potent odorants in peppermint and cornmint oils characterized by GC-O and AEDA." Perfumer & flavorist 23.5 (1998): 5-16] |
| | |
| | | {{menthol_minus.jpg| (-)-menthol}} \\ (-)-menthol | {{1.8cineole.jpg| 1.8-cineole}} \\ 1.8-cineole | |
| |
| Superior qualities of M.piperita essential oil are due to the optimal concentration of menthol and menthyl acetate and the low amount of menthofuran (trace). \\ | Superior qualities of M.piperita essential oil are due to the optimal concentration of menthol and menthyl acetate and the low amount of menthofuran (trace). \\ |
| "The chromatogram of peppermint essential oil is characterized by four large peaks for menthol, menthone, menthyl acetate, and eucalyptol, with smaller abundances of menthofuran, isomenthone, neomenthol, limonene, and pulegone... Peppermint lacked the presence of detectable levels of linalool and several carvyl compounds, such as dihydrocarvone (cis and trans), carveol, and dihydrocarvyl acetate, which are found in spearmint, whereas menthofuran was detected in peppermint but not spearmint. Using area percent as a semi-quantitative means of comparing the relative amounts of essential oil constituents, both menthol and menthone were found to be about twice as abundant in peppermint as spearmint. In addition, menthyl acetate in peppermint was about four times greater than in spearmint. Carvone, on the other hand, was about 350 times higher in spearmint | "The chromatogram of peppermint essential oil is characterized by four large peaks for menthol, menthone, menthyl acetate, and eucalyptol, with smaller abundances of menthofuran, isomenthone, neomenthol, limonene, and pulegone... Peppermint lacked the presence of detectable levels of linalool and several carvyl compounds, such as dihydrocarvone (cis and trans), carveol, and dihydrocarvyl acetate, which are found in spearmint, whereas menthofuran was detected in peppermint but not spearmint. Using area percent as a semi-quantitative means of comparing the relative amounts of essential oil constituents, both menthol and menthone were found to be about twice as abundant in peppermint as spearmint. In addition, menthyl acetate in peppermint was about four times greater than in spearmint. Carvone, on the other hand, was about 350 times higher in spearmint |
| than in peppermint. Another striking difference involves the ratio between limonene and eucalyptol. The ratio in peppermint was 1:2.5, whereas in spearmint it was almost 50:1. These characteristics provide means of differentiating the two oils." \\ | than in peppermint. Another striking difference involves the ratio between limonene and eucalyptol. The ratio in peppermint was 1:2.5, whereas in spearmint it was almost 50:1. These characteristics provide means of differentiating the two oils." \\ |
| [Application of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC× GC) to the Qualitative Analysis of Essential Oils. Dimandja, J. M. D., Stanfill, S. B., Grainger, J., Patterson Jr, D. G., Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, Vol.23(3), 2000, 208-214] [[http://www.researchgate.net/publication/227923403_Application_of_Comprehensive_TwoDimensional_Gas_Chromatography_(GCGC)_to_the_Qualitative_Analysis_of_Essential_Oils/file/9c9605189461f75788.pdf]] | [Application of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC× GC) to the Qualitative Analysis of Essential Oils. Dimandja, J. M. D., Stanfill, S. B., Grainger, J., Patterson Jr, D. G., Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, Vol.23(3), 2000, 208-214] |
| |
| "(+)-Pulegone is a central intermediate in the biosynthesis of (-)-menthol, the most significant component of peppermint essential oil. Depending on environmental conditions, this branch point metabolite may be reduced to (-)-menthone en route to menthol, by pulegone reductase (PR), or oxidized to (+)-menthofuran, by menthofuran synthase." \\ | "(+)-Pulegone is a central intermediate in the biosynthesis of (-)-menthol, the most significant component of peppermint essential oil. Depending on environmental conditions, this branch point metabolite may be reduced to (-)-menthone en route to menthol, by pulegone reductase (PR), or oxidized to (+)-menthofuran, by menthofuran synthase." \\ |
| [[http://www.scielo.org.ve/pdf/alan/v62n4/art11.pdf]] | [[http://www.scielo.org.ve/pdf/alan/v62n4/art11.pdf]] |
| |
| {{:mentha_pip.jpg?500}} \\ | ---- |
| | |
| | A randomized double-blind, double-dummy, controlled trial was conducted in 100 patients showed that "... Peppermint oil solution administered intraluminally can be used as an antispasmodic agent with superior efficacy and fewer side effects than hyoscine-N-butylbromide administered by intramuscular injection during upper endoscopy." \\ |
| | [Peppermint oil reduces gastric spasm during upper endoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled trial., Hiki, N., Kurosaka, H., Tatsutomi, Y., Shimoyama, S., Tsuji, E., Kojima, J., Mafune, K.I., Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 57(4), 2003, 475-482] |
| | |
| | "Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is one of the most widely consumed single ingredient herbal teas, or tisanes. Peppermint tea, brewed from the plant leaves, and the essential oil of peppermint are used in traditional medicines. Evidence-based research regarding the bioactivity of this herb is reviewed. The phenolic constituents of the leaves include rosmarinic acid and several flavonoids, primarily eriocitrin, luteolin and hesperidin. The main volatile components of the essential oil are menthol and menthone. In vitro, peppermint has significant antimicrobial and antiviral activities, strong antioxidant and antitumor actions, and some antiallergenic potential. Animal model studies demonstrate a relaxation effect on gastrointestinal (GI) tissue, analgesic and anesthetic effects in the central and peripheral nervous system, immunomodulating actions and chemopreventive potential. Human studies on the GI, respiratory tract and analgesic effects of peppermint oil and its constituents have been reported. Several clinical trials examining the effects of peppermint oil on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms have been conducted. However, human studies of peppermint leaf are limited and clinical trials of peppermint tea are absent. Adverse reactions to peppermint tea have not been reported, although caution has been urged for peppermint oil therapy in patients with GI reflux, hiatal hernia or kidney stones." \\ |
| | [A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (//Mentha piperita L.//). McKay, D. L., Blumberg, J. B., Phytotherapy Research, Vol.20(8), 2006, 619-633] |
| | |
| | {{:mentha_pip.jpg?600}} \\ |
| Kohl, F.G., Die officinellen Pflanzen der Pharmacopoea Germanica, t.139 (1891-1895) [F.G.Kohl] \\ | Kohl, F.G., Die officinellen Pflanzen der Pharmacopoea Germanica, t.139 (1891-1895) [F.G.Kohl] \\ |
| [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=659334]] | [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=659334]] |
| | |
| | {{:mentapiperita_trieste.jpg}} \\ |
| | Mentha × piperita L. © Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste; picture by Andrea Moro \\ [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]], [[https://dryades.units.it/Roma/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&id=4651&num=5296]] |
