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--- melilotus_officinalis_l._lam [2015/01/29 12:03]
andreas
+++ melilotus_officinalis_l._lam [2023/06/30 14:27] (aktuell)
andreas
@@ Zeile 5: / Zeile 5: @@
 [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012219]]
-"Extracts are used to treat the symptoms of venous and lymphatic insuffiency and capillary fragility, such as varicose veins, pruritus, cramp in the calf and in acute attacks of haemorrhoids... [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coumarin|Coumarin]] shows anti-oedemic and anti-exudative activities and accelerates wound-healing. It increases the flow rate in veins (and the lymph system) and decreases capillary permeability but has no anticoagulant properties." \\
+"Extracts are used to treat the symptoms of venous and lymphatic insuffiency and capillary fragility, such as varicose veins, pruritus, cramp in the calf and in acute attacks of haemorrhoids... [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coumarin|Coumarin]] shows anti-oedemic and anti-exudative activities and accelerates wound-healing. It increases the flow rate in veins (and the lymph system) and decreases capillary permeability but has no anticoagulant properties." [Medicinal Plants of the World. Ben-Erik Van Wyk and Michael Wink, Pretoria 2004, 203] \\
-[Medicinal Plants of the World. Ben-Erik Van Wyk and Michael Wink, Pretoria 2004, 203]
+(for cumarin toxicology, see also [[galium_odoratum_l._scop|Galium odoratum]])
 In living plants, coumarin is glycosidically bound as melilotoside, an odorless precursor. On wilting or injuring, o-coumaric acid (o-hydroxy-trans-cinnamic acid) is released from the glucoside; o-trans-coumaric acid is in equilibrium with the cis-coumaric acid, which then spontaneously lactonizes to coumarin. Coumarin is the aroma impact compound of wilted or dried M.officinalis. \\
 [Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Springer 2010]
-Coumarin alone made up more than 89% of all volatiles collected from M.officinalis. An extract obtained by solid-liquid extraction of dry sweet clover herb could be fractionated to identify minor volatile components. Higher proportions of coumarin derivatives such as 3,4-dihydrocoumarin, dihydrocoumarin methyl and ethyl ester could be found. Other minor components are anethol, 4-methoxy benzaldehyde (anisaldehyde), 2-hexadecanone, and cresol eg.; γ-pentadecalactone was regarded as species indicator compound among the 84 components identified from M.officinale volatiles. \\ [Volatile constituents of sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L. Lam.)., Wörner, M., Schreier, P., Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung, Vol.190(5), 1990, 425-428]
+|{{:coumarin.jpg|coumarin}}  \\ coumarin |{{anisaldehyde.jpg| anisaldehyde.jpg}} \\ anisaldehyde |{{anethol.jpg| (E)-anethole}} \\ (E)-anethole |
+Coumarin alone made up more than 89% of all volatiles collected from M.officinalis. An extract obtained by solid-liquid extraction of dry sweet clover herb could be fractionated to identify minor volatile components. Higher proportions of coumarin derivatives such as 3,4-dihydrocoumarin, dihydrocoumaric acid methyl and ethyl ester could be found. Other minor components are anethol, 4-methoxy benzaldehyde (anisaldehyde), 2-hexadecanone, and cresol eg.; γ-pentadecalactone was regarded as species indicator compound among the 84 components identified from M.officinale volatiles. \\ [Volatile constituents of sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L. Lam.)., Wörner, M., Schreier, P., Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung, Vol.190(5), 1990, 425-428]
 HPLC of an ethanolic extract prepared from air-dried leaves of M.offcinalis revealed 18 phenolic compounds, predominantly representing coumarins, flavonoids, and derivatives of phenolocarboxylic acids. Main components were ferulic acid (25.0%), arbutin (14.9%), caffeic acid (12.5%), chlorogenic acid (6.8%), rutin (6.2%), hyperoside (5.8%), cinnamic acid (4.6%), coumarin (3.8%). Minor constituents were hesperidin (2.0%), vitexin (1.3%), 4-oxycoumarin (0.15%), and luteolin (0.03%). \\
@@ Zeile 19: / Zeile 21: @@
 [Chemical composition of the leaves essential oil of Melilotus officinalis (L.) pallas from colombia., Quijano-Celis, C.E., Pino, J.A., Morales, G., Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, Vol.13(3), 2010, 313-315]
-{{http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Melilotus_officinalis_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-093.jpg}}
+{{:melilotus_officinalis_d.jpg?500}} \\
+Thomé,O.W., Flora von Deutschland Österreich und der Schweiz, Tafeln, vol.3 t.432 (1885) \\
+[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=655188]]
+{{:melilotus_officinalis_r.jpg}} \\
+Melilotus officinalis, [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]], Author: Andreas Kraska

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