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Lamiaceae - common horehound, white horehound, Gemeiner Andorn, Gewöhnlicher Andorn
Perennial herb, 30-80cm high, native to the Mediterranean region, naturalized elsewhere; leaves ovate to circular, margin dentate-serrate; flowers white.
„In Central Europe the species is a archaeophyte from the formerly popular medicinal plant cultivation and also naturalized in warmer regions. Stable deposits ranging to southern Sweden and into southern Scotland.“
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%B6hnlicher_Andorn
„The Roman agricultural writer Columella lists it as a remedy for expelling worms in farm animals in his important first-century work On Agriculture. Since then, horehound has appeared for similar purposes in numerous herbals over the centuries…“ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marrubium_vulgare
Twelve components were identified in essential oil obtained from the flowering aerial parts of M. vulgare. β-caryophyllene (45.8%) and germacrene D (14.4%) were the major constituents. [Comparison of Essential Oils from Marrubium vulgare L. and M. peregrinum L. Nagy, M., Svajdlenka, E., Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.10(5), 1998, 585-587]
„Crude extracts of the aerial parts of Marrubium vulgare show a potent invitro inhibition of KCl-induced contraction of rat aorta. Bio-guided fractionations, spectroscopic analysis and chemical derivatization revealed the furanic labdane diterpenes marrubenol and marrubiin as the most active compounds.
Marrubenol and marrubiin inhibited the aortic contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. Marrubenol was slightly more potent than marrubiin. Both compounds were significantly less potent than verapamil. The presence of marrubiin and marrubenol may at least in part justify the vasorelaxant activity of aqueous extract of M.vulgare.“
[The vasorelaxant activity of marrubenol and marrubiin from Marrubium vulgare. El Bardai, S., Morel, N., Wibo, M., Fabre, N., Llabres, G., Lyoussi, B., Quetin-Leclercq, J., Planta medica, Vol.69(1), 2003, 75-76]
http://www.farm.ucl.ac.be/Full-texts-FARM/Elbardai-2003-1.pdf
Marrubenol obtained from M.vulgare extract inhibits smooth muscle contraction by blocking L-type calcium channels in rat heart. [Characterisation of marrubenol, a diterpene extracted from Marrubium vulgare, as an L‐type calcium channel blocker. El Bardai, S., Wibo, M., Hamaide, M. C., Lyoussi, B., Quetin‐Leclercq, J., Morel, N., British journal of pharmacology, Vol.140(7), 2003, 1211-1216]
